Tracheostomy in Extremely Preterm Neonates in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

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33 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives/Hypothesis: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and invasive respiratory support is increasing among extremely preterm neonates. Yet, it is unclear if there is a corresponding increase in tracheostomies. We hypothesize that in extremely preterm neonates with BPD, the incidence of tracheostomy has increased. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Methods: We analyzed the 2006 to 2012 Kids’ Inpatient Databases (KID) for hospital discharges of nonextremely preterm neonates (gestational age >28 weeks and <37 weeks or birth weight >1,500 g) and extremely preterm neonates (gestational age ≤28 weeks or birth weight ≤1,500 g). We studied tracheostomy placement trends in these two populations to see if they are increasing among extremely preterm neonates, especially those with BPD. Results: The study included 1,418,681 preterm neonates (52% male, 50% white, 19% black, 20% Hispanic, 4.2% Asian), of whom 118,676 (8.4%) were extremely preterm. A total of 2,029 tracheostomies were performed, of which 803 (0.68%) were in extremely preterm neonates. The estimated percent change of occurrence of extremely preterm neonates with BPD increased 17% between 2006 and 2012, and tracheostomy placement increased 31%. Amongst all who received tracheostomies, mortality rate was higher in extremely preterm neonates compared to nonextremely preterm neonates (18% vs. 14%, P =.05). However, in extremely preterm neonates, those with tracheostomies had a lower mortality rate compared to those without (18% vs. 24%, P =.002). Conclusions: Extremely preterm neonates, compared to nonextremely preterm neonates, experienced a marked increase in tracheostomies placed from 2006 to 2012 as well as an increased incidence of BPD, confirming our primary study hypothesis. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 130: 2056–2062, 2020.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2056-2062
Number of pages7
JournalLaryngoscope
Volume130
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 1 2020

Keywords

  • Tracheostomy
  • bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • premature neonate
  • preterm neonate

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Otorhinolaryngology

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