TY - JOUR
T1 - Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (lepidoptera, hesperiidae)
AU - Zhang, Jing
AU - Cong, Qian
AU - Shen, Jinhui
AU - Brockmann, Ernst
AU - Grishin, Nick V.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Robert K. Robbins, John M. Burns, and Brian Harris (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC), Geoff Martin, David Lees, and Blanca Huertas (Natural History Museum, London, UK), Paul A. Opler and Boris Kondratieff (Colorado State University Collection, Fort Collins, CO, USA), Wolfram Mey and Viola Richter (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany), Weiping Xie (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA, USA), Rodolphe Rougerie (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France), Edward G. Riley, Karen Wright, and John Oswald (Texas A&M University Insect Collection, College Station, TX, USA) for facilitating access to the collections under their care and stimulating discussions, and the late Edward C. Knudson for leg samples of specimens from the Texas Lepidoptera Survey collection, which is now at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Gainesville, FL, USA. Special thanks to Olaf H. H. Mielke and Carlos G. C. Mielke for sampling specimens for DNA analysis from the collections of O. H. H. Mielke and of Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; to Steve Collins (African Butterfly Research Institute) and Bernard Hermier for many enlightening discussions, and numerous suggestions; and anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. We acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin (http://www. tacc.utexas.edu) for providing invaluable HPC resources that were essential to carry out this study, which has been supported by the grants from the National Institutes of Health GM127390 and the Welch Foundation I-1505.
Funding Information:
We are grateful to Robert K. Robbins, John M. Burns, and Brian Harris (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC), Geoff Martin, David Lees, and Blanca Huertas (Natural History Museum, London, UK), Paul A. Opler and Boris Kondratieff (Colorado State University Collection, Fort Collins, CO, USA), Wolfram Mey and Viola Richter (Museum f?r Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany), Weiping Xie (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA, USA), Rodolphe Rougerie (Mus?um National d?Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France), Edward G. Riley, Karen Wright, and John Oswald (Texas A&M University Insect Collection, College Station, TX, USA) for facilitating access to the collections under their care and stimulating discussions, and the late Edward C. Knudson for leg samples of specimens from the Texas Lepidoptera Survey collection, which is now at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Gainesville, FL, USA. Special thanks to Olaf H. H. Mielke and Carlos G. C. Mielke for sampling specimens for DNA analysis from the collections of O. H. H. Mielke and of Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran?, Curitiba, Brazil; to Steve Collins (African Butterfly Research Institute) and Bernard Hermier for many enlightening discussions, and numerous suggestions; and anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. We acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu) for providing invaluable HPC resources that were essential to carry out this study, which has been supported by the grants from the National Institutes of Health GM127390 and the Welch Foundation I-1505.
Publisher Copyright:
© Jing Zhang et al.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - We obtained and analyzed whole genome data for more than 160 representatives of skipper butterflies (family Hesperiidae) from all known subfamilies, tribes and most distinctive genera. We found that two genera, Katreus Watson, 1893 and Ortholexis Karsch, 1895, which are sisters, are well-separated from all other major phylogenetic lineages and originate near the base of the Hesperiidae tree, prior to the origin of some subfamilies. Due to this ancient origin compared to other subfamilies, this group is described as Katreinae Grishin, subfam. n. DNA sequencing of primary type specimens reveals that Ortholexis melichroptera Karsch, 1895 is not a female of Ortholexis holocausta Mabille, 1891, but instead a female of Ortholexis dimidia Holland, 1896. This finding establishes O. dimidia as a junior subjective synonym of O. melichroptera. Furthermore, we see that Chamunda Evans, 1949 does not originate within Pyrginae Burmeister, 1878, but, unexpectedly, forms an ancient lineage of its own at the subfamily rank: Chamundinae Grishin, subfam. n. Finally, a group of two sister genera, Barca de Nicéville, 1902 and Apostictopterus Leech, [1893], originates around the time Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809 have split from their sister clade. A new subfamily Barcinae Grishin, subfam. n. sets them apart from all other Hesperiidae.
AB - We obtained and analyzed whole genome data for more than 160 representatives of skipper butterflies (family Hesperiidae) from all known subfamilies, tribes and most distinctive genera. We found that two genera, Katreus Watson, 1893 and Ortholexis Karsch, 1895, which are sisters, are well-separated from all other major phylogenetic lineages and originate near the base of the Hesperiidae tree, prior to the origin of some subfamilies. Due to this ancient origin compared to other subfamilies, this group is described as Katreinae Grishin, subfam. n. DNA sequencing of primary type specimens reveals that Ortholexis melichroptera Karsch, 1895 is not a female of Ortholexis holocausta Mabille, 1891, but instead a female of Ortholexis dimidia Holland, 1896. This finding establishes O. dimidia as a junior subjective synonym of O. melichroptera. Furthermore, we see that Chamunda Evans, 1949 does not originate within Pyrginae Burmeister, 1878, but, unexpectedly, forms an ancient lineage of its own at the subfamily rank: Chamundinae Grishin, subfam. n. Finally, a group of two sister genera, Barca de Nicéville, 1902 and Apostictopterus Leech, [1893], originates around the time Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809 have split from their sister clade. A new subfamily Barcinae Grishin, subfam. n. sets them apart from all other Hesperiidae.
KW - Africa
KW - Asia
KW - Genomics
KW - Higher classification
KW - Phylogeny
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071635616&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85071635616&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3897/zookeys.861.34686
DO - 10.3897/zookeys.861.34686
M3 - Article
C2 - 31333327
AN - SCOPUS:85071635616
SN - 1313-2989
VL - 2019
SP - 91
EP - 105
JO - ZooKeys
JF - ZooKeys
IS - 861
ER -