TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-dimensional maximum a posteriori (MAP) imaging with radiopharmaceuticals labeled with three Cu radionuclides
AU - Ruangma, Ananya
AU - Bai, Bing
AU - Lewis, Jason S.
AU - Sun, Xiankai
AU - Welch, Michael J.
AU - Leahy, Richard
AU - Laforest, Richard
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NCI (R24 CA 086307) and by NIBIB (R01 EB 00363). Small-animal PET imaging was partially supported by an NIH/NCI SAIRP grant (R24 CA 083060), with additional support from the Small-Animal Imaging Core of the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, which is supported by an NCI Cancer Center support grant (P30 CA 091842). R. Leahy and B. Bai were paid consultants to CTI-Concorde Microsystems when this work was performed.
PY - 2006/2
Y1 - 2006/2
N2 - Background: One of the limiting factors in achieving the best spatial resolution in positron emission tomography (PET), especially in small-animal PET, is the positron range associated with the decay of nuclides, and usual PET image reconstruction algorithms do not provide a correction for the positron range. This work presents initial results obtained with the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm, which has been developed to include an accurate model of the camera response, the Poisson distribution of coincidence data and the fundamental physics of positron decay including the positron range. Methods: Phantoms were imaged with three positron emitting isotopes of Cu ( 60Cu, 61Cu and 64Cu), and mice and rats were imaged with two radiopharmaceuticals labeled with these isotopes in a microPET-R4 camera. These isotopes decay by positron emission with very different end-point energies resulting in wildly different spatial resolutions. Spatial resolution improvement and image quality offered by the MAP algorithm were studied with the line source phantom and a miniature Derenzo phantom. In addition, three mice and three rats were sequentially injected over a 48-h period with Cu-pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (for blood flow to organs) and Cu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7- tri(methanephosphonic acid) (for bone imaging) labeled with the said three isotopes of Cu. Results: The line source experiment showed that comparable spatial resolution is possible with all three isotopes when using the positron range correction in MAP. The in vivo images obtained from 60Cu and 61Cu and reconstructed with 2D filtered back projection algorithms provided by the camera manufacturer show reduced clarity due to degraded spatial resolution arising from the extended positron ranges as compared with 64Cu. MAP reconstructions exhibited a higher resolution with clearer organ delineation. Conclusion: Inclusion of a positron range model in the MAP reconstruction algorithm may potentially result in significant resolution recovery for isotopes with larger positron ranges.
AB - Background: One of the limiting factors in achieving the best spatial resolution in positron emission tomography (PET), especially in small-animal PET, is the positron range associated with the decay of nuclides, and usual PET image reconstruction algorithms do not provide a correction for the positron range. This work presents initial results obtained with the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm, which has been developed to include an accurate model of the camera response, the Poisson distribution of coincidence data and the fundamental physics of positron decay including the positron range. Methods: Phantoms were imaged with three positron emitting isotopes of Cu ( 60Cu, 61Cu and 64Cu), and mice and rats were imaged with two radiopharmaceuticals labeled with these isotopes in a microPET-R4 camera. These isotopes decay by positron emission with very different end-point energies resulting in wildly different spatial resolutions. Spatial resolution improvement and image quality offered by the MAP algorithm were studied with the line source phantom and a miniature Derenzo phantom. In addition, three mice and three rats were sequentially injected over a 48-h period with Cu-pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (for blood flow to organs) and Cu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7- tri(methanephosphonic acid) (for bone imaging) labeled with the said three isotopes of Cu. Results: The line source experiment showed that comparable spatial resolution is possible with all three isotopes when using the positron range correction in MAP. The in vivo images obtained from 60Cu and 61Cu and reconstructed with 2D filtered back projection algorithms provided by the camera manufacturer show reduced clarity due to degraded spatial resolution arising from the extended positron ranges as compared with 64Cu. MAP reconstructions exhibited a higher resolution with clearer organ delineation. Conclusion: Inclusion of a positron range model in the MAP reconstruction algorithm may potentially result in significant resolution recovery for isotopes with larger positron ranges.
KW - Cu radionuclides
KW - MAP
KW - PET
KW - Positron range
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U2 - 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.11.001
DO - 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.11.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 16546676
AN - SCOPUS:33644938043
SN - 0969-8051
VL - 33
SP - 217
EP - 226
JO - Nuclear Medicine and Biology
JF - Nuclear Medicine and Biology
IS - 2
ER -