TY - JOUR
T1 - Therapeutic applications for novel non-hypercalcemic vitamin D receptor ligands
AU - Choi, Mihwa
AU - Makishima, Makoto
N1 - Funding Information:
The work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (Grant 18077995) and by a Grant-in-Aid for Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellows (Grant 19-07197) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan.
PY - 2009/5
Y1 - 2009/5
N2 - Background: The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and immunity. A more complete understanding of the several physiological and pharmacological properties of 1,25(OH)2D3 indicates that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a promising drug target in the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, infections and cardiovascular disease as well as bone and mineral disorders. The calcemic effect of 1,25(OH)2D 3 and its derivatives has limited their clinical application. As a result, the development of non-calcemic VDR ligands is required to realize the potential of VDR-targeting therapy. Objective: In this review, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological actions, including VDR interaction, regulation of cofactor recruitment, pharmacokinetics and cell type or tissue-selective action of VDR ligands with less-calcemic activity. Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic parameters and selective tissue accumulation are related to the therapeutic benefit of non-hypercalcemic vitamin D derivatives. Induction of distinct VDR conformations and cofactor recruitment may be associated with selective actions of non-secosteroidal VDR ligands. Derivatives of lithocholic acid, a newly identified endogenous VDR ligand, are less-calcemic VDR ligands.
AB - Background: The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and immunity. A more complete understanding of the several physiological and pharmacological properties of 1,25(OH)2D3 indicates that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a promising drug target in the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, infections and cardiovascular disease as well as bone and mineral disorders. The calcemic effect of 1,25(OH)2D 3 and its derivatives has limited their clinical application. As a result, the development of non-calcemic VDR ligands is required to realize the potential of VDR-targeting therapy. Objective: In this review, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological actions, including VDR interaction, regulation of cofactor recruitment, pharmacokinetics and cell type or tissue-selective action of VDR ligands with less-calcemic activity. Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic parameters and selective tissue accumulation are related to the therapeutic benefit of non-hypercalcemic vitamin D derivatives. Induction of distinct VDR conformations and cofactor recruitment may be associated with selective actions of non-secosteroidal VDR ligands. Derivatives of lithocholic acid, a newly identified endogenous VDR ligand, are less-calcemic VDR ligands.
KW - Autoimmune disease
KW - Bile acid
KW - Cancer
KW - Hypercalcemia
KW - Infection
KW - Osteoporosis
KW - Parathyroid hormone
KW - Vitamin D
KW - Vitamin D receptor
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U2 - 10.1517/13543770902877717
DO - 10.1517/13543770902877717
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19441936
AN - SCOPUS:67649366435
SN - 1354-3776
VL - 19
SP - 593
EP - 606
JO - Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents
JF - Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents
IS - 5
ER -