@article{44092873ffff4059ac33a4c62fd5ab64,
title = "The spectrum of autoimmune encephalopathies",
abstract = "Despite being a potentially reversible neurological condition, no clear guidelines for diagnosis or management of autoimmune encephalitis exist. In this study we analyzed clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging characteristics, and outcome of autoimmune encephalitis from three teaching hospitals. Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against membrane antigens was the most common syndrome, especially in the pediatric population. Clinical outcome was better for patients with shorter latency from symptom onset to diagnosis and initiation of immunomodulation. Patients with underlying malignancy were less likely to respond well to immunomodulatory therapy. The clinical spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis is fairly broad, but prompt recognition and treatment often leads to excellent outcome.",
keywords = "Autoimmune, Encephalitis, Limbic encephalitis, Paraneoplastic, Seizure",
author = "Divyanshu Dubey and Anshudha Sawhney and Benjamin Greenberg and Andrea Lowden and Worthy Warnack and Pravin Khemani and Olaf Stuve and Steven Vernino",
note = "Funding Information: Disclosures: Dr. Benjamin Greenberg has received consulting fees from EMD Serono, Novartis and Medimmune. Dr. Olaf Stuve serves on the editorial boards of JAMA Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, and Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. Dr. Stuve has served on data monitoring committees for Pfizer and Sanofi-Aventis without monetary compensation. Dr. Stuve has served on an advisory board for Sanofi Genzyme and Genentech, and he has advised Huron Life Sciences and Navigant Consulting. Dr. Stuve counselled Novartis in front of a Scientific Advisory Group at the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Dr. Stuve currently receives grant support from Teva Pharmaceuticals and Opexa Therapeutics. Dr. Stuve received travel support from Pfizer. Dr. Stuve is funded by a Merit grant from the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Dr. Steven Vernino receives personal compensation as a scientific consultant for Athena diagnostics and on speaker bureau for Lundbeck. The other authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2015",
month = oct,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.08.014",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "287",
pages = "93--97",
journal = "Journal of Neuroimmunology",
issn = "0165-5728",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}