@article{2580d787c610415cbad4828ae5bcc104,
title = "The cytosolic exonuclease TREX1 inhibits the innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1",
abstract = "Viral infection triggers innate immune sensors to produce type I interferon. However, infection of T cells and macrophages with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not trip those alarms. How HIV avoids activating nucleic acid sensors is unknown. Here we found that the cytosolic exonuclease TREX1 suppressed interferon triggered by HIV. In Trex1 -/- mouse cells and human CD4+ T cells and macrophages in which TREX1 was inhibited by RNA-mediated interference, cytosolic HIV DNA accumulated and HIV infection induced type I interferon that inhibited HIV replication and spreading. TREX1 bound to cytosolic HIV DNA and digested excess HIV DNA that would otherwise activate interferon expression via a pathway dependent on the kinase TBK1, the adaptor STING and the transcription factor IRF3. HIV-stimulated interferon production in cells deficient in TREX1 did not involve known nucleic acid sensors.",
author = "Nan Yan and Regalado-Magdos, {Ashton D.} and Bart Stiggelbout and Lee-Kirsch, {Min Ae} and Judy Lieberman",
note = "Funding Information: We thank D. Stetson (University of Washington) for wild-type, Trex1−/− and Trex1−/−Irf3−/− primary MEFs, under agreement with D. Barnes and T. Lindahl (Cancer Research UK); J. Jung (University of Southern California) for RIG-I-deficient (Ddx58−/−) MEFs; S. Harvey and F. Perrino (Wake Forest University) for wild-type and Trex1−/− transformed MEFs; A. Engelman (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) for the HIV-luciferase plasmid (pNL4-3/Env−); D. Gabuzda (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) for the HIV-GFP plasmid (pNL4-3/Env−); T. Fujita (Kyoto University) for antiserum to mouse IRF3; S. Nagata (Kyoto University) for the hemagglutinin-tagged MAVS plasmid; K. Fitzgerald (University of Massachusetts) for siRNA and inhibitors of RNA polymerase III; J. Hiscott (McGill University) for IFNB-luciferase plasmid; L. Gehrke (Harvard Medical School) for CMV– renilla luciferase plasmid; and members of the Lieberman lab for discussions. Supported by the US National Institutes of Health (AI45587 to J.L., and T32 HL066987 to N.Y.), the Harvard Center for AIDS Research (N.Y.), Harvard Summer Honors Undergraduate Research Program (A.D.R.-M.) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Le 1074/3-1 to M.A.L.-K.).",
year = "2010",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1038/ni.1941",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
pages = "1005--1013",
journal = "Nature immunology",
issn = "1529-2908",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "11",
}