Abstract
Background: Depression is associated with receipt of opioids in non-cancer pain. Objectives: To determine whether the receipt of opioid therapy modifies the relationship of depression and use of multiple non-opioid pain treatments. Methods: Patients (n = 320) with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were recruited from family medicine clinics and completed questionnaires that measured use of home remedies, physical treatments requiring a provider and non-opioid medication treatments. A binary variable defined use (yes/ no) of all three non-opioid treatment categories. Depression (yes/no) was measured with the PHQ-2. The use of opioids (yes/no) was determined by medical record abstraction. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models, stratified on opioid use, estimated the association between depression and use of all three non-opioid treatments. Results: Participants were mostly female (71.3%), non-white (57.5%) and 69.4% were aged 18 to 59 years. In adjusted analyses stratified by opioid use, depression was not significantly associated with using three non-opioid treatments (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 0.80-6.07) among non-opioid users; but among opioid users, depression was significantly associated with using three non-opioid treatments (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.14-8.99).These odds ratios were not significantly different between opioid users and non-users (P = 0.609). Conclusion: There is modest evidence to conclude that patients with CLBP and comorbid depression, compared with those without depression, were more likely to try both opioid and non-opioid pain treatments. Non-response to other pain treatments may partly explain why depression is associated with greater prescription opioid use.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 348-354 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Family Practice |
Volume | 37 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2020 |
Keywords
- Depression
- Opioid
- Pain management
- Primary health care
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Family Practice