Structure and localization of the human gene encoding SR-BI/CLA-1. Evidence for transcriptional control by steroidogenic factor 1

The scavenger receptor, class B, type 1 receptor (SR-BI) mediates the selective transport of lipids from high density lipoprotein to cells. We describe the structure and subchromosomal location of human SR-BI and provide evidence that it is regulated by the transcription factor, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1). SR-BI resides on chromosome 12q24.2-qter, spans ~75 kilobase pairs, and contains 13 exons. RNA blot analysis of human tissues reveals an expression pattern similar to that described previously for rodents with the highest levels of mRNA in the adrenal gland, ovary, and liver. Unlike rodents, human SR-BI was expressed at high levels in the placenta. The transcription start site for SR-BI was mapped, and DNA sequence analysis revealed a binding site for SF-1 in the proximal 5'-flanking sequence. SF-1, an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor gene family, plays a key role in the regulation of steroidogenesis and is expressed at high levels in steroidogenic tissues. SF-1 binds to the SR-BI promoter in a sequence-specific manner, and efficient transcription from this promoter in adrenocortical Y1 cells is dependent on an intact SF-1 site. These data extend our understanding of SF-1 function within steroidogenic tissues and suggest that SR-BI, which serves to supply selected tissues with lipoprotein- derived lipids, is part of the repertoire of SF-1-responsive genes involved in steroidogenesis.