TY - JOUR
T1 - Skeletal and Dental Development Preserve Evidence of Energetic Stress in the Moose of Isle Royale
AU - Brown, Caitlin
AU - Rinaldi, Caroline E.
AU - Ripple, William J.
AU - Van Valkenburgh, Blaire
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation EAGER Award Number 1237928 to BV.
Funding Information:
We thank the Isle Royale Wolf Project (John Vucetich and Rolf O. Peterson) for sharing their data and providing access to specimens, Burton Lim, and Susan Woodward for access to specimens, Jacqueline Miller for taking x-rays of the moose age series, John Chorn, Ronald Bourne, Wendy Binder, Charles Cobb, and Mark Dallas for advice and equipment training and two reviewers for their helpful suggestions. Funding. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation EAGER Award Number 1237928 to BV.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Brown, Rinaldi, Ripple and Van Valkenburgh.
PY - 2020/9/29
Y1 - 2020/9/29
N2 - Food shortages can leave diagnostic, and in the case of the dentition, irreversible changes in mineralized tissue that persist into historical and fossil records. Consequently, developmental defects of tooth enamel might be used to track ungulate population irruptions or declines in resource availability, but dental tissue’s capacity for preserving historical population density changes has yet to be investigated in wild populations. We test the ability of macroscopic enamel defects, mandible, and metapodial lengths to track changes in the well-known insular moose population of Isle Royale National Park. Our study demonstrates that (1) a moose density threshold exists on the island above for which there is a significant decrease in mandible and metatarsus length and a concomitant increase in enamel hypoplasias; (2) food limitation has a more pronounced effect on male than female skeletal and dental growth; and (3) combined data from tooth enamel hypoplasias and bone lengths reflect the relative density of this ungulate population and should be broadly applicable to other ungulate osteological samples. Developmental defects in dental enamel were among the highest recorded in a wild population, and even during low-density intervals the population density of Isle Royale moose has been high enough to negatively impact skeletal and dental growth, indicating the comparatively poor health of this isolated century-old ecosystem.
AB - Food shortages can leave diagnostic, and in the case of the dentition, irreversible changes in mineralized tissue that persist into historical and fossil records. Consequently, developmental defects of tooth enamel might be used to track ungulate population irruptions or declines in resource availability, but dental tissue’s capacity for preserving historical population density changes has yet to be investigated in wild populations. We test the ability of macroscopic enamel defects, mandible, and metapodial lengths to track changes in the well-known insular moose population of Isle Royale National Park. Our study demonstrates that (1) a moose density threshold exists on the island above for which there is a significant decrease in mandible and metatarsus length and a concomitant increase in enamel hypoplasias; (2) food limitation has a more pronounced effect on male than female skeletal and dental growth; and (3) combined data from tooth enamel hypoplasias and bone lengths reflect the relative density of this ungulate population and should be broadly applicable to other ungulate osteological samples. Developmental defects in dental enamel were among the highest recorded in a wild population, and even during low-density intervals the population density of Isle Royale moose has been high enough to negatively impact skeletal and dental growth, indicating the comparatively poor health of this isolated century-old ecosystem.
KW - Alces alces
KW - Isle Royale
KW - ecosystem reconstruction
KW - enamel hypoplasia
KW - mineralized tissue
KW - paleoecology
KW - population irruption
KW - ungulate
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U2 - 10.3389/fevo.2020.00272
DO - 10.3389/fevo.2020.00272
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85092496391
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
M1 - 272
ER -