TY - JOUR
T1 - Sinus Tachycardia
T2 - A Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review
AU - Mayuga, Kenneth A.
AU - Fedorowski, Artur
AU - Ricci, Fabrizio
AU - Gopinathannair, Rakesh
AU - Dukes, Jonathan Walter
AU - Gibbons, Christopher
AU - Hanna, Peter
AU - Sorajja, Dan
AU - Chung, Mina
AU - Benditt, David
AU - Sheldon, Robert
AU - Ayache, Mirna B.
AU - Abouassi, Hiba
AU - Shivkumar, Kalyanam
AU - Grubb, Blair P.
AU - Hamdan, Mohamed H.
AU - Stavrakis, Stavros
AU - Singh, Tamanna
AU - Goldberger, Jeffrey J.
AU - Muldowney, James A.S.
AU - Belham, Mark
AU - Kem, David C.
AU - Akin, Cem
AU - Bruce, Barbara K.
AU - Zahka, Nicole E.
AU - Fu, Qi
AU - Van Iterson, Erik H.
AU - Raj, Satish R.
AU - Fouad-Tarazi, Fetnat
AU - Goldstein, David S.
AU - Stewart, Julian
AU - Olshansky, Brian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/9/1
Y1 - 2022/9/1
N2 - Sinus tachycardia (ST) is ubiquitous, but its presence outside of normal physiological triggers in otherwise healthy individuals remains a commonly encountered phenomenon in medical practice. In many cases, ST can be readily explained by a current medical condition that precipitates an increase in the sinus rate, but ST at rest without physiological triggers may also represent a spectrum of normal. In other cases, ST may not have an easily explainable cause but may represent serious underlying pathology and can be associated with intolerable symptoms. The classification of ST, consideration of possible etiologies, as well as the decisions of when and how to intervene can be difficult. ST can be classified as secondary to a specific, usually treatable, medical condition (eg, pulmonary embolism, anemia, infection, or hyperthyroidism) or be related to several incompletely defined conditions (eg, inappropriate ST, postural tachycardia syndrome, mast cell disorder, or post-COVID syndrome). While cardiologists and cardiac electrophysiologists often evaluate patients with symptoms associated with persistent or paroxysmal ST, an optimal approach remains uncertain. Due to the many possible conditions associated with ST, and an overlap in medical specialists who see these patients, the inclusion of experts in different fields is essential for a more comprehensive understanding. This article is unique in that it was composed by international experts in Neurology, Psychology, Autonomic Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Exercise Physiology, Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Endocrinology, Cardiology, and Cardiac Electrophysiology in the hope that it will facilitate a more complete understanding and thereby result in the better care of patients with ST.
AB - Sinus tachycardia (ST) is ubiquitous, but its presence outside of normal physiological triggers in otherwise healthy individuals remains a commonly encountered phenomenon in medical practice. In many cases, ST can be readily explained by a current medical condition that precipitates an increase in the sinus rate, but ST at rest without physiological triggers may also represent a spectrum of normal. In other cases, ST may not have an easily explainable cause but may represent serious underlying pathology and can be associated with intolerable symptoms. The classification of ST, consideration of possible etiologies, as well as the decisions of when and how to intervene can be difficult. ST can be classified as secondary to a specific, usually treatable, medical condition (eg, pulmonary embolism, anemia, infection, or hyperthyroidism) or be related to several incompletely defined conditions (eg, inappropriate ST, postural tachycardia syndrome, mast cell disorder, or post-COVID syndrome). While cardiologists and cardiac electrophysiologists often evaluate patients with symptoms associated with persistent or paroxysmal ST, an optimal approach remains uncertain. Due to the many possible conditions associated with ST, and an overlap in medical specialists who see these patients, the inclusion of experts in different fields is essential for a more comprehensive understanding. This article is unique in that it was composed by international experts in Neurology, Psychology, Autonomic Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Exercise Physiology, Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Endocrinology, Cardiology, and Cardiac Electrophysiology in the hope that it will facilitate a more complete understanding and thereby result in the better care of patients with ST.
KW - autonomic dysfunction
KW - hyperthyroidism
KW - inappropriate sinus tachycardia
KW - post-COVID syndrome
KW - postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
KW - sinus tachycardia
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85138457562&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.007960
DO - 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.007960
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36074973
AN - SCOPUS:85138457562
SN - 1941-3149
VL - 15
SP - E007960
JO - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
JF - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
IS - 9
ER -