TY - JOUR
T1 - Safeguard against DNA sensing
T2 - The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases
AU - Hasan, Maroof
AU - Yan, Nan
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Innate immune recognition is crucial for host responses against viral infections, including infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Human cells detect such invading pathogens with a collection of pattern recognition receptors that activate the production of antiviral proteins, such as the cytokine interferon-type I, to initiate antiviral responses immediately as well as the adaptive immune response for long-term protection. To establish infection in the host, many viruses have thus evolved strategies for subversion of these mechanisms of innate immunity. For example, acute infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses have long been thought to be non-immunogenic, signifying suppression of host defenses by these pathogens. Studies in the past few years have begun to uncover a multifaceted scheme of how HIV-1 evades innate immune detection, especially of its DNA, by exploiting host proteins. This review will discuss the host mechanisms of HIV-1 DNA sensing and viral immune evasion, with a particular focus on TREX1, three prime repair exonuclease 1, a host 3' exonuclease (also known as DNase III).
AB - Innate immune recognition is crucial for host responses against viral infections, including infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Human cells detect such invading pathogens with a collection of pattern recognition receptors that activate the production of antiviral proteins, such as the cytokine interferon-type I, to initiate antiviral responses immediately as well as the adaptive immune response for long-term protection. To establish infection in the host, many viruses have thus evolved strategies for subversion of these mechanisms of innate immunity. For example, acute infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses have long been thought to be non-immunogenic, signifying suppression of host defenses by these pathogens. Studies in the past few years have begun to uncover a multifaceted scheme of how HIV-1 evades innate immune detection, especially of its DNA, by exploiting host proteins. This review will discuss the host mechanisms of HIV-1 DNA sensing and viral immune evasion, with a particular focus on TREX1, three prime repair exonuclease 1, a host 3' exonuclease (also known as DNase III).
KW - Autoimmune diseases
KW - DNA sensing
KW - HIV
KW - Innate immunity
KW - Trex1
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84899685774&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84899685774&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00193
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00193
M3 - Article
C2 - 24817865
AN - SCOPUS:84899685774
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 5
JO - Frontiers in Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Microbiology
IS - APR
M1 - 193
ER -