Resting-state functional MRI signal fluctuation amplitudes are correlated with brain amyloid-β deposition in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Mounting evidence suggests that amyloid-β (Aβ) and vascular etiologies are intertwined in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals, measured by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), are associated with neuronal activity and cerebrovascular hemodynamics. Nevertheless, it is unclear if BOLD fluctuations are associated with Aβ deposition in individuals at high risk of AD. Thirty-three patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment underwent rs-fMRI and AV45 PET. The AV45 standardized uptake value ratio (AV45-SUVR) was calculated using cerebral white matter as reference, to assess Aβ deposition. The whole-brain normalized amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (sALFF) of local BOLD signals were calculated in the frequency band of 0.01–0.08 Hz. Stepwise increasing physiological/vascular signal regressions on the rs-fMRI data examined whether sALFF-AV45 correlations were driven by vascular hemodynamics, neuronal activities, or both. We found that sALFF and AV45-SUVR were negatively correlated in regions of default-mode and visual networks (precuneus, angular, lingual and fusiform gyri). Regions with higher sALFF had less Aβ accumulation. Correlated cluster sizes in MNI space (r ≈ −0.47) were reduced from 3018 mm³ to 1072 mm³ with stronger cardiovascular regression. These preliminary findings imply that local brain blood fluctuations due to vascular hemodynamics or neuronal activity can affect Aβ homeostasis.