Recent advances in managing/understanding meningioma.

Meningiomas are the most common adult primary intracranial tumor. Despite their higher incidence, there have not-until recently-been as many advances in understanding and managing meningiomas. Thus far, two broad classes of meningiomas have emerged on the basis of their mutational profile: those driven by neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) inactivation and those with non-NF2 driver gene alterations, such as mammalian target of rapamycin and Hedgehog, Wingless/b-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-b receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phospholipase C pathway alterations. In addition to improvements in molecular diagnostics, advances in imaging are being studied to better predict tumor behavior, stratify risk, and potentially monitor for disease response. Management consists primarily of surgery and radiation therapy and there has been limited success from medical therapies, although novel targeted agents are now in clinical trials. Advances in imaging and understanding of the genetic makeup of meningiomas demonstrate the huge potential in revolutionizing the classification, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of meningiomas.