Abstract
Purpose: To develop a simplified method for quantitative measurement of NAD+/NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides) levels in human brain by 31P MRS without interference from the α-ATP signal and with inclusion of multiple UDP-sugar components. Methods: Simple pulse-acquire 31P MR spectra were collected at 7T with and without a frequency-selective inversion pulse to remove the dominant α-ATP signal from the underlying NAD(H) signal. Careful inspection of the 31P signal at −9.8 ppm previously assigned to UDP-glucose revealed multiple UDP-sugar components that must also be considered when deconvoluting the NAD(H) signal to quantify NAD+ and NADH. Finally, the overlapping NAD(H) and UDP(G) resonances were deconvoluted into individual components using Voigt lineshape analysis and UDP(G) modeling. Results: The inversion-based spectral editing method enabled clean separation of the NAD(H) signal from the otherwise dominant α-ATP signal. In addition, the upfield signal near −9.8 ppm appears more “quartet-like” than a simple doublet consistent with contributions from other nucleotide sugars such as UDP-galactose, UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine, and UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine in addition to UDP-glucose. Deconvolution of the combined NAD(H) and UDP(G) signals showed that the measured NAD+/NAD ratio was heavily influenced by UDP(G) modeling (7.5 ± 1.8 when the UDP(G) signal was fitted as multiple doublets versus 5.3 ± 0.6 when a simplified pseudo doublet model was used). In a test/re-test experiments separated by 2 weeks, consistent NAD+/NADH ratios were measured in the brain of seven human subjects. Conclusions: The NAD+/NADH ratio in human brain can be measured using 31P MR spectra simplified by spectral editing and with inclusion of multiple UDP-sugar components in the data analysis.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 2338-2351 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Magnetic resonance in medicine |
Volume | 84 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 1 2020 |
Keywords
- 31P MRS
- ATP
- NAD
- UDPG
- brain
- redox
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging