Proton translocating ATPases: Issues in structure and function

In this general overview of a new class of electrogenic proton translocating ATPases, assembled evidence indicates that these proton pumps are distant ancestors of classic F₁F₀ type ATPases. As pointed out, definition of the precise mechanisms by which these proton pumps in general, and the renal proton pump(s) in particular operate and are regulated awaits considerable work. Resolution of certain key issues, notably endomembrane H⁺ ATPase microheterogeneity, molecular structure and cellular regulation are likely to result in implications pertinent not only to renal physiology, but also to basic issues in cellular and molecular biology.