TY - JOUR
T1 - Predictors of Pain and Functional Outcomes After the Nonoperative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears
AU - Jain, Nitin B.
AU - Ayers, Gregory D.
AU - Fan, Run
AU - Kuhn, John E.
AU - Baumgarten, Keith
AU - Matzkin, Elizabeth
AU - Higgins, Laurence D.
N1 - Funding Information:
*Address correspondence to Nitin B. Jain, MD, MSPH, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2201 Children’s Way, Suite 1318, Nashville, TN 37212, USA (email: nitin.jain@vanderbilt.edu). †Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. ‡Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. §Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. ||Orthopedic Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. {Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: This project was supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Awards program (CTSA No. UL1TR000445) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent official views of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. N.B.J. is supported by funding from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (1K23AR059199 and 1U34AR069291). K.B. has received consulting fees from Wright Medical Group and educational support from Arthrex. E.M. has received educational support from NuVasive and Smith & Nephew. L.D.H. has received educational support from Arthrex and Ethicon. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Partners HealthCare and the Vanderbilt University Institutional Review Board.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2018.
PY - 2018/8/1
Y1 - 2018/8/1
N2 - Background: Optimal patient selection is key to the success of nonoperative treatment for rotator cuff tears. Purpose: To assess the predictors of pain and functional outcomes in a longitudinal cohort of patients undergoing nonoperative treatment. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A multicenter cohort of patients with rotator cuff tears undergoing nonoperative treatment was recruited from March 2011 to February 2015. Patients completed a detailed health questionnaire, completed standardized shoulder questionnaires including the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to baseline assessments, patients received follow-up questionnaires at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Longitudinal mixed models were used to test predictors of the SPADI score, and interactions with time were assessed. Results: In our cohort of 70 patients, being married as compared with being single/divorced/widowed (P =.02), a shorter duration of symptoms (P =.02), daily shoulder use at work that included light or no manual labor versus moderate or heavy manual labor (P =.04), alcohol use of 1 to 2 times per week or more as compared with 2 to 3 times per month or less (P =.007), and absence of fatty infiltration (P =.0009) were significantly associated with decreased SPADI scores (improved shoulder pain and disability) over time. When interactions with time were assessed, having a college level of education or higher compared with less than a college education showed a differential effect over time, with those with a college level of education or more having lower SPADI scores (P =.004). Partial-thickness tear versus full-thickness tear also had an interaction with follow-up duration, such that those with a partial-thickness tear had lower SPADI scores (P =.0002). Conclusion: Longitudinal predictors of better outcomes of the nonoperative treatment of rotator cuff tears included being married, having at least a college education, shorter duration of symptoms, light or manual labor in daily work, alcohol use of 1 to 2 times per week or more, partial-thickness tear, and absence of fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff. Our results suggest that nonoperative treatment should be performed early for optimal outcomes. These data can be used to select optimal candidates for the nonoperative treatment of rotator cuff tears and to assist with patient education and expectations before treatment.
AB - Background: Optimal patient selection is key to the success of nonoperative treatment for rotator cuff tears. Purpose: To assess the predictors of pain and functional outcomes in a longitudinal cohort of patients undergoing nonoperative treatment. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A multicenter cohort of patients with rotator cuff tears undergoing nonoperative treatment was recruited from March 2011 to February 2015. Patients completed a detailed health questionnaire, completed standardized shoulder questionnaires including the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to baseline assessments, patients received follow-up questionnaires at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Longitudinal mixed models were used to test predictors of the SPADI score, and interactions with time were assessed. Results: In our cohort of 70 patients, being married as compared with being single/divorced/widowed (P =.02), a shorter duration of symptoms (P =.02), daily shoulder use at work that included light or no manual labor versus moderate or heavy manual labor (P =.04), alcohol use of 1 to 2 times per week or more as compared with 2 to 3 times per month or less (P =.007), and absence of fatty infiltration (P =.0009) were significantly associated with decreased SPADI scores (improved shoulder pain and disability) over time. When interactions with time were assessed, having a college level of education or higher compared with less than a college education showed a differential effect over time, with those with a college level of education or more having lower SPADI scores (P =.004). Partial-thickness tear versus full-thickness tear also had an interaction with follow-up duration, such that those with a partial-thickness tear had lower SPADI scores (P =.0002). Conclusion: Longitudinal predictors of better outcomes of the nonoperative treatment of rotator cuff tears included being married, having at least a college education, shorter duration of symptoms, light or manual labor in daily work, alcohol use of 1 to 2 times per week or more, partial-thickness tear, and absence of fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff. Our results suggest that nonoperative treatment should be performed early for optimal outcomes. These data can be used to select optimal candidates for the nonoperative treatment of rotator cuff tears and to assist with patient education and expectations before treatment.
KW - outcomes
KW - physical therapy
KW - rehabilitation
KW - rotator cuff
KW - shoulder pain
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U2 - 10.1177/2325967118788531
DO - 10.1177/2325967118788531
M3 - Article
C2 - 30094270
AN - SCOPUS:85053515603
SN - 2325-9671
VL - 6
JO - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 8
ER -