Position of Pro and Ser near Glu^7.32 in the Extracellular Loop 3 of Mammalian and Nonmammalian Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptors Is a Critical Determinant for Differential Ligand Selectivity for Mammalian GnRH and Chicken GnRH-II

A Glu/Asp^7.32 residue in the extracellular loop 3 of the mammalian GnRH receptor (GnRHR) is known to interact with Arg⁸ of mammalian GnRH (mGnRH), which may confer preferential ligand selectivity for mGnRH than for chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). However, some nonmammalian GnRHRs also have the Glu/Asp residue at the same position, yet respond better to cGnRH-II than mGnRH. Amino acids flanking Glu/Asp^7.32 are differentially arranged such that mammalian and nonmammalian GnRHRs have an S-E/D-P motif and P-X-S/Y motif, respectively. We presumed the position of Ser^7.31 or Pro^7.33 of rat GnRHR as a potential determinant for ligand selectivity. Either placing Pro before Glu ^7.32 or placing Ser after Glu^7.32 significantly decreased the sensitivity and/or efficacy for mGnRH, but slightly increased that for cGnRH-ll in several mutant receptors. Among them, those with a PEV, PES, or SES motif exhibited a marked decrease in sensitivity for mGnRH such that cGnRH-II had a higher potency than mGnRH, showing a reversed preferential ligand selectivity. Chimeric mGnRHs in which positions 5, 7, and/or 8 were replaced by those of cGnRH-II revealed a greater ability to activate these mutant receptors than mGnRH, whereas they were less potent to activate wild-type rat GnRHR than mGnRH. Interestingly, a mutant bullfrog type I receptor with the SEP motif exhibited an increased sensitivity for mGnRH but a decreased sensitivity for cGnRH-II. These results indicate that the position of Pro and Ser near Glu ^7.32 in the extracellular loop 3 is critical for the differential ligand selectivity between mammalian and nonmammalian GnRHRs.