Abstract
Total-body potassium (K+) content and appropriate distribution of K+ across the cell membrane is vitally important for normal cellular function. Total-body K+ content is determined by changes in excretion of K+ by the kidneys in response to intake levels. Under normal conditions, insulin and β-adrenergic tone also make important contributions in maintaining internal distribution of K+. However, despite these homeostatic pathways, disorders of altered K+ homeostasis are common. Appreciating the pathophysiology and regulatory influences that determine the internal distribution and external balance of K+ is critical in designing effective treatments to restore K+ homeostasis. We provide an up-to-date review of the regulatory aspects of normal K+ physiology as a preface to highlighting common disorders in K+ homeostasis and their treatment. This review of K+ homeostasis is designed as a resource for clinicians and a tool for educators who are teaching trainees to understand the pivotal factors involved in K+ balance.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 682-695 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | American Journal of Kidney Diseases |
Volume | 74 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 2019 |
Keywords
- Potassium
- case-based learning
- cell shift
- dietary intake
- dyskalemia
- hyperkalemia
- hypokalemia
- kidney disease
- nephrology education
- potassium homeostasis
- potassium wasting
- renal excretion
- review
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Nephrology