TY - JOUR
T1 - Overview of clinically approved oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
AU - He, Zhi Xu
AU - Zhou, Zhi Wei
AU - Yang, Yinxue
AU - Yang, Tianxin
AU - Pan, Si Yuan
AU - Qiu, Jia Xuan
AU - Zhou, Shu Feng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by insulin resistance and characterized by progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. This articles reviews the application and limitations of currently approved oral drugs for the treatment of T2DM. Data were retrieved from the literature and well-recognized drug-related databases. Although lifestyle modifications and metformin are the cornerstones of the initial management of T2DM, there is an increasing array of second- and third-line pharmacological agents, including sulphonylureas, insulin, thiazolidinediones and glitazones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and the amylin receptor agonist pramlintide. Current T2DM treatment focuses on reducing blood glucose levels via different mechanisms, including nuclear hormone receptors, nucleic acid binding proteins, transcription factors, voltage-gated K+ channels, glucosidase, G-protein-coupled receptors and non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinase. Extensive efforts are needed to address the pathogenesis of T2DM, which may facilitate the development of new therapies and the identification of new therapeutic targets to overcome the shortcomings of currently available drugs for T2DM and to achieve therapeutic goals.
AB - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by insulin resistance and characterized by progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. This articles reviews the application and limitations of currently approved oral drugs for the treatment of T2DM. Data were retrieved from the literature and well-recognized drug-related databases. Although lifestyle modifications and metformin are the cornerstones of the initial management of T2DM, there is an increasing array of second- and third-line pharmacological agents, including sulphonylureas, insulin, thiazolidinediones and glitazones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and the amylin receptor agonist pramlintide. Current T2DM treatment focuses on reducing blood glucose levels via different mechanisms, including nuclear hormone receptors, nucleic acid binding proteins, transcription factors, voltage-gated K+ channels, glucosidase, G-protein-coupled receptors and non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinase. Extensive efforts are needed to address the pathogenesis of T2DM, which may facilitate the development of new therapies and the identification of new therapeutic targets to overcome the shortcomings of currently available drugs for T2DM and to achieve therapeutic goals.
KW - Biguanide
KW - Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
KW - Metformin
KW - Sulphonylurea
KW - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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U2 - 10.1111/1440-1681.12332
DO - 10.1111/1440-1681.12332
M3 - Article
C2 - 25360831
AN - SCOPUS:84920870211
SN - 0305-1870
VL - 42
SP - 125
EP - 138
JO - Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
JF - Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
IS - 2
ER -