Novel oral anticoagulants and trauma: The results of a prospective American association for the surgery of trauma multi-institutional trial

Leslie Kobayashi, Galinos Barmparas, Patrick Bosarge, Carlos V. Brown, Marko Bukur, Matthew M. Carrick, Richard D. Catalano, Jan Holly-Nicolas, Kenji Inaba, Stephen Kaminski, Amanda L. Klein, Tammy Kopelman, Eric J. Ley, Ericca M. Martinez, Forrest O. Moore, Jason Murry, Raminder Nirula, Douglas Paul, Jacob Quick, Omar RiveraMartin Schreiber, Raul Coimbra, AAST Multicenter Prospective Observational Study of Trauma Patients on Novel Oral Anticoagulants Study Group

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

62 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The number of anticoagulated trauma patients is increasing. Trauma patients on warfarin have been found to have poor outcomes, particularly after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). However, the effect of novel oral anticoagulants (NOAs) on trauma outcomes is unknown. We hypothesized that patients on NOAs would have higher rates of ICH, ICH progression, and death compared with patients on traditional anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents. Methods: This was a prospective observational trial across 16 trauma centers. Inclusion criteria was any trauma patient admitted on aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban. Demographic data, admission vital signs, mechanism of injury, injury severity scores, laboratory values, and interventions were collected. Outcomes included ICH, progression of ICH, and death. Results: A total of 1,847 patientswere enrolled between July 2013 and June 2015. Mean agewas 74.9 years (SD ± 13.8), 46% were female, 77% were non-Hispanic white. At least one comorbidity was reported in 94% of patients. Blunt trauma accounted for 99% of patients, and the median Injury Severity Score was 9 (interquartile range, 4-14). 50% of patients were on antiplatelet agents, 33%on warfarin, 10% on NOAs, and 7% on combination therapy or subcutaneous agents. Patients taking NOAs were not at higher risk for ICH on univariate (24% vs. 31%) or multivariate analysis (incidence rate ratio, 0.78; confidence interval 0.61-1.01, p = 0.05). Compared with all other agents, patients on aspirin (90%, 81 mg; 10%, 325 mg) had the highest rate (35%) and risk (incidence rate ratio, 1.27; confidence interval, 1.13-1.43; p < 0.001) of ICH. Progression of ICH occurred in 17% of patients and was not different between medication groups. Study mortality was 7% and was not significantly different between groups on univariate or multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Patients on NOAs were not at higher risk for ICH, ICH progression, or death.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)827-835
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
Volume82
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 2017

Keywords

  • Anticoagulation
  • Injury
  • Oral anticoagulants
  • Trauma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine

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