TY - JOUR
T1 - Mouse MRI shows brain areas relatively larger in males emerge before those larger in females
AU - Qiu, Lily R.
AU - Fernandes, Darren J.
AU - Szulc-Lerch, Kamila U.
AU - Dazai, Jun
AU - Nieman, Brian J.
AU - Turnbull, Daniel H.
AU - Foster, Jane A.
AU - Palmert, Mark R.
AU - Lerch, Jason P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by funding from the Brain Canada Foundation, Canadian Institute of Health Research, and Ontario Brain Institute. L.R.Q. was supported by a Restracomp Fellowship funded by the Hospital for Sick Children. D.J.F. was supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship and a Doctoral Postgraduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. K.U.S. and D.H.T. were supported by NIH grant R01NS038461. We thank Sharon Portnoy for MRI sequence development assistance; Christina Corre and Ariane Metcalfe for colony management and technical assistance; Matthijs van Eede and Benjamin Darwin for help with computation pipelines; Chris Hammil for help with RMINC; and Lindsay Cahill for helping to edit the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s).
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - Sex differences exist in behaviors, disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Sexual dimorphisms however, have yet to be studied across the whole brain and across a comprehensive time course of postnatal development. Here, we use manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to longitudinally image male and female C57BL/6J mice across 9 time points, beginning at postnatal day 3. We recapitulate findings on canonically dimorphic areas, demonstrating MEMRI's ability to study neuroanatomical sex differences. We discover, upon whole-brain volume correction, that neuroanatomical regions larger in males develop earlier than those larger in females. Groups of areas with shared sexually dimorphic developmental trajectories reflect behavioral and functional networks, and expression of genes involved with sex processes. Also, post-pubertal neuroanatomy is highly individualized, and individualization occurs earlier in males. Our results demonstrate the ability of MEMRI to reveal comprehensive developmental differences between male and female brains, which will improve our understanding of sex-specific predispositions to various neuropsychiatric disorders.
AB - Sex differences exist in behaviors, disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Sexual dimorphisms however, have yet to be studied across the whole brain and across a comprehensive time course of postnatal development. Here, we use manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to longitudinally image male and female C57BL/6J mice across 9 time points, beginning at postnatal day 3. We recapitulate findings on canonically dimorphic areas, demonstrating MEMRI's ability to study neuroanatomical sex differences. We discover, upon whole-brain volume correction, that neuroanatomical regions larger in males develop earlier than those larger in females. Groups of areas with shared sexually dimorphic developmental trajectories reflect behavioral and functional networks, and expression of genes involved with sex processes. Also, post-pubertal neuroanatomy is highly individualized, and individualization occurs earlier in males. Our results demonstrate the ability of MEMRI to reveal comprehensive developmental differences between male and female brains, which will improve our understanding of sex-specific predispositions to various neuropsychiatric disorders.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41467-018-04921-2
DO - 10.1038/s41467-018-04921-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 29976930
AN - SCOPUS:85049739974
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 9
JO - Nature communications
JF - Nature communications
IS - 1
M1 - 2615
ER -