TY - JOUR
T1 - Mass Spectrometric Method for the Unambiguous Profiling of Cellular Dynamic Glycosylation
AU - Shajahan, Asif
AU - Supekar, Nitin T.
AU - Wu, Han
AU - Wands, Amberlyn M.
AU - Bhat, Ganapati
AU - Kalimurthy, Aravind
AU - Matsubara, Masaaki
AU - Ranzinger, Rene
AU - Kohler, Jennifer J.
AU - Azadi, Parastoo
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank R. W. Carlson, UGA, for the thorough review of the manuscript and the members of analytical services and training lab, CCRC (Complex Carbohydrate Research Center), for helpful discussions and suggestions. We are thankful to V. Sarpe and D. Crich, UGA, for kindly providing the sialic acid derivatives with azide and amine functional groups. We also thank D. S. Rouhani for creating the original cover figure and C. Heiss, UGA, for his guidance. This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) R21GM122633 and S10OD018530 to P.A. at CCRC, R21DK112733 to J.K. and McKnight Fellowship (Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center) to H.W.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2020/10/16
Y1 - 2020/10/16
N2 - Various biological processes at the cellular level are regulated by glycosylation which is a highly microheterogeneous post-translational modification (PTM) on proteins and lipids. The dynamic nature of glycosylation can be studied through metabolic incorporation of non-natural sugars into glycan epitopes and their detection using bio-orthogonal probes. However, this approach possesses a significant drawback due to nonspecific background reactions and ambiguity of non-natural sugar metabolism. Here, we report a probe-free strategy for their direct detection by glycoproteomics and glycomics using mass spectrometry (MS). The method dramatically simplifies the detection of non-natural functional group bearing monosaccharides installed through promiscuous sialic acid, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthetic pathways. Multistage enrichment of glycoproteins by cellular fractionation, subsequent ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography) based glycopeptide enrichment, and a spectral enrichment algorithm for the MS data processing enabled direct detection of non-natural monosaccharides that are incorporated at low abundance on the N/O-glycopeptides along with their natural counterparts. Our approach allowed the detection of both natural and non-natural sugar bearing glycopeptides, N- and O-glycopeptides, differentiation of non-natural monosaccharide types on the glycans and also their incorporation efficiency through quantitation. Through this, we could deduce interconversion of monosaccharides during their processing through glycan salvage pathway and subsequent incorporation into glycan chains. The study of glycosylation dynamics through this method can be conducted in high throughput, as few sample processing steps are involved, enabling understanding of glycosylation dynamics under various external stimuli and thereby could bolster the use of metabolic glycan engineering in glycosylation functional studies.
AB - Various biological processes at the cellular level are regulated by glycosylation which is a highly microheterogeneous post-translational modification (PTM) on proteins and lipids. The dynamic nature of glycosylation can be studied through metabolic incorporation of non-natural sugars into glycan epitopes and their detection using bio-orthogonal probes. However, this approach possesses a significant drawback due to nonspecific background reactions and ambiguity of non-natural sugar metabolism. Here, we report a probe-free strategy for their direct detection by glycoproteomics and glycomics using mass spectrometry (MS). The method dramatically simplifies the detection of non-natural functional group bearing monosaccharides installed through promiscuous sialic acid, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthetic pathways. Multistage enrichment of glycoproteins by cellular fractionation, subsequent ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography) based glycopeptide enrichment, and a spectral enrichment algorithm for the MS data processing enabled direct detection of non-natural monosaccharides that are incorporated at low abundance on the N/O-glycopeptides along with their natural counterparts. Our approach allowed the detection of both natural and non-natural sugar bearing glycopeptides, N- and O-glycopeptides, differentiation of non-natural monosaccharide types on the glycans and also their incorporation efficiency through quantitation. Through this, we could deduce interconversion of monosaccharides during their processing through glycan salvage pathway and subsequent incorporation into glycan chains. The study of glycosylation dynamics through this method can be conducted in high throughput, as few sample processing steps are involved, enabling understanding of glycosylation dynamics under various external stimuli and thereby could bolster the use of metabolic glycan engineering in glycosylation functional studies.
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U2 - 10.1021/acschembio.0c00453
DO - 10.1021/acschembio.0c00453
M3 - Article
C2 - 32809798
AN - SCOPUS:85093538447
SN - 1554-8929
VL - 15
SP - 2692
EP - 2701
JO - ACS Chemical Biology
JF - ACS Chemical Biology
IS - 10
ER -