Mannose-6-phosphate regulates destruction of lipid-linked oligosaccharides

Ningguo Gao, Jie Shang, Dang Huynh, Vijaya L. Manthati, Carolina Arias, Heather P. Harding, Randal J. Kaufman, Ian Mohr, David Ron, John R. Falck, Mark A. Lehrman

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

29 Scopus citations

Abstract

Mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) is an essential precursor for mannosyl glycoconjugates, including lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO; glucose 3mannose 9GlcNAc 2-P-P-dolichol) used for protein N-glycosylation. In permeabilized mammalian cells, M6P also causes specific LLO cleavage. However, the context and purpose of this paradoxical reaction are unknown. In this study, we used intact mouse embryonic fibroblasts to show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress elevates M6P concentrations, leading to cleavage of the LLO pyrophosphate linkage with recovery of its lipid and lumenal glycan components. We demonstrate that this M6P originates from glycogen, with glycogenolysis activated by the kinase domain of the stress sensor IRE1-α. The apparent futility of M6P causing destruction of its LLO product was resolved by experiments with another stress sensor, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), which attenuates translation. PERK's reduction of N-glycoprotein synthesis (which consumes LLOs) stabilized steady-state LLO levels despite continuous LLO destruction. However, infection with herpes simplex virus 1, an N-glycoprotein-bearing pathogen that impairs PERK signaling, not only caused LLO destruction but depleted LLO levels as well. In conclusion, the common metabolite M6P is also part of a novel mammalian stress-signaling pathway, responding to viral stress by depleting host LLOs required for N-glycosylation of virus-associated polypeptides. Apparently conserved throughout evolution, LLO destruction may be a response to a variety of environmental stresses.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2994-3009
Number of pages16
JournalMolecular biology of the cell
Volume22
Issue number17
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1 2011

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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