TY - JOUR
T1 - Linearity and bias of proton density fat fraction as a quantitative imaging biomarker
T2 - A multicenter, multiplatform, multivendor phantom study
AU - RSNA Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance PDFF Biomarker Committee
AU - Hu, Houchun H.
AU - Yokoo, Takeshi
AU - Bashir, Mustafa R.
AU - Sirlin, Claude B.
AU - Hernando, Diego
AU - Malyarenko, Dariya
AU - Chenevert, Thomas L.
AU - Smith, Mark A.
AU - Serai, Suraj D.
AU - Middleton, Michael S.
AU - Henderson, Walter C.
AU - Hamilton, Gavin
AU - Shaffer, Jean
AU - Shu, Yunhong
AU - Tkach, Jean A.
AU - Trout, Andrew T.
AU - Obuchowski, Nancy
AU - Brittain, Jean H.
AU - Jackson, Edward F.
AU - Reeder, Scott B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R41EB025729, R44EB025729, R01DK088925, K24DK102595, R01DK083380, R01CA23802301, and U24CA237683). Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance projects and activities have been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© RSNA, 2021
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Background: Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimated by using chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI is an accepted imaging biomarker of hepatic steatosis. This work aims to promote standardized use of CSE MRI to estimate PDFF. Purpose: To assess the accuracy of CSE MRI methods for estimating PDFF by determining the linearity and range of bias observed in a phantom. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a commercial phantom with 12 vials of known PDFF values were shipped across nine U.S. centers. The phantom underwent 160 independent MRI examinations on 27 1.5-T and 3.0-T systems from three vendors. Two three-dimensional CSE MRI protocols with minimal T1 bias were included: vendor and standardized. Each vendor's confounder-corrected complex or hybrid magnitude-complex based reconstruction algorithm was used to generate PDFF maps in both protocols. The Siemens reconstruction required a configuration change to correct for water-fat swaps in the phantom. The MRI PDFF values were compared with the known PDFF values by using linear regression with mixed-effects modeling. The 95% CIs were calculated for the regression slope (ie, proportional bias) and intercept (ie, constant bias) and compared with the null hypothesis (slope = 1, intercept = 0). Results: Pooled regression slope for estimated PDFF values versus phantom-derived reference PDFF values was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) in the biologically relevant 0%-47.5% PDFF range. The corresponding pooled intercept was 20.27% (95% CI: 20.50%, 20.05%). Across vendors, slope ranges were 0.86-1.02 (vendor protocols) and 0.97-1.0 (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and 0.91-1.01 (vendor protocols) and 0.87-1.01 (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. The intercept ranges (absolute PDFF percentage) were 20.65% to 0.18% (vendor protocols) and 20.69% to 20.17% (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and 20.48% to 0.10% (vendor protocols) and 20.78% to 20.21% (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. Conclusion: Proton density fat fraction estimation derived from three-dimensional chemical shift-encoded MRI in a commercial phantom was accurate across vendors, imaging centers, and field strengths, with use of the vendors' product acquisition and reconstruction software.
AB - Background: Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimated by using chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI is an accepted imaging biomarker of hepatic steatosis. This work aims to promote standardized use of CSE MRI to estimate PDFF. Purpose: To assess the accuracy of CSE MRI methods for estimating PDFF by determining the linearity and range of bias observed in a phantom. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a commercial phantom with 12 vials of known PDFF values were shipped across nine U.S. centers. The phantom underwent 160 independent MRI examinations on 27 1.5-T and 3.0-T systems from three vendors. Two three-dimensional CSE MRI protocols with minimal T1 bias were included: vendor and standardized. Each vendor's confounder-corrected complex or hybrid magnitude-complex based reconstruction algorithm was used to generate PDFF maps in both protocols. The Siemens reconstruction required a configuration change to correct for water-fat swaps in the phantom. The MRI PDFF values were compared with the known PDFF values by using linear regression with mixed-effects modeling. The 95% CIs were calculated for the regression slope (ie, proportional bias) and intercept (ie, constant bias) and compared with the null hypothesis (slope = 1, intercept = 0). Results: Pooled regression slope for estimated PDFF values versus phantom-derived reference PDFF values was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) in the biologically relevant 0%-47.5% PDFF range. The corresponding pooled intercept was 20.27% (95% CI: 20.50%, 20.05%). Across vendors, slope ranges were 0.86-1.02 (vendor protocols) and 0.97-1.0 (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and 0.91-1.01 (vendor protocols) and 0.87-1.01 (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. The intercept ranges (absolute PDFF percentage) were 20.65% to 0.18% (vendor protocols) and 20.69% to 20.17% (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and 20.48% to 0.10% (vendor protocols) and 20.78% to 20.21% (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. Conclusion: Proton density fat fraction estimation derived from three-dimensional chemical shift-encoded MRI in a commercial phantom was accurate across vendors, imaging centers, and field strengths, with use of the vendors' product acquisition and reconstruction software.
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U2 - 10.1148/radiol.2021202912
DO - 10.1148/radiol.2021202912
M3 - Article
C2 - 33464181
AN - SCOPUS:85101922073
SN - 0033-8419
VL - 298
SP - 640
EP - 651
JO - RADIOLOGY
JF - RADIOLOGY
IS - 3
ER -