Initial oxygen use for preterm newborn resuscitation: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Michelle Welsford, Chika Nishiyama, Colleen Shortt, Gary Weiner, Charles Christoph Roehr, Tetsuya Isayama, Jennifer Anne Dawson, Myra H Wyckoff, Yacov Rabi

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

75 Scopus citations

Abstract

CONTEXT: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized to review the initial fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio 2 ) during the resuscitation of preterm newborns. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides the scientific summary of initial Fio2 in preterm newborns (<35 weeks' gestation) who receive respiratory support at birth. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched between January 1, 1980 and August 10, 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected by pairs of independent reviewers in 2 stages with a Cohen's κ of 0.8 and 1.0. DATA EXTRACTION: Pairs of independent reviewers extracted data, appraised the risk of bias (RoB), and assessed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled studies and 4 cohort studies included 5697 patients. There are no statistically significant benefits of or harms from starting with lower compared with higher Fio 2 in short-term mortality (n = 968; risk ratio = 0.83 [95% confidence interval 0.50 to 1.37]), long-term mortality, neurodevelopmental impairment, or other key preterm morbidities. A sensitivity analysis in which 1 study with a high RoB was excluded failed to reveal a reduction in mortality with initial low Fio2 (n = 681; risk ratio = 0.63 [95% confidence interval 0.38 to 1.03]). LIMITATIONS: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes due to RoB, inconsistency, and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal initial Fio 2 for preterm newborns is still unknown, although the majority of newborns ≤32 weeks' gestation will require oxygen supplementation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere20181828
JournalPediatrics
Volume143
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2019

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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