TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunosensors for Biomarker Detection in Autoimmune Diseases
AU - Zhang, Xuezhu
AU - Zambrano, Amarayca
AU - Lin, Zuan Tao
AU - Xing, Yikun
AU - Rippy, Justin
AU - Wu, Tianfu
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is partly supported by the Lupus Research Institute and the startup fund from the University of Houston (to T. Wu).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland.
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system generates proinflammatory molecules and autoantibodies that mistakenly attack their own body. Traditional diagnosis of autoimmune disease is primarily based on physician assessment combined with core laboratory tests. However, these tests are not sensitive enough to detect early molecular events, and quite often, it is too late to control these autoimmune diseases and reverse tissue damage when conventional tests show positivity for disease. It is fortunate that during the past decade, research in nanotechnology has provided enormous opportunities for the development of ultrasensitive biosensors in detecting early biomarkers with high sensitivity. Biosensors consist of a biorecognition element and a transducer which are able to facilitate an accurate detection of proinflammatory molecules, autoantibodies and other disease-causing molecules. Apparently, novel biosensors could be superior to traditional metrics in assessing the drug efficacy in clinical trials, especially when specific biomarkers are indicative of the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, the portability of a biosensor enables the development of point-of-care devices. In this review, various types of biomolecule sensing systems, including electrochemical, optical and mechanical sensors, and their applications and future potentials in autoimmune disease treatment were discussed.
AB - Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system generates proinflammatory molecules and autoantibodies that mistakenly attack their own body. Traditional diagnosis of autoimmune disease is primarily based on physician assessment combined with core laboratory tests. However, these tests are not sensitive enough to detect early molecular events, and quite often, it is too late to control these autoimmune diseases and reverse tissue damage when conventional tests show positivity for disease. It is fortunate that during the past decade, research in nanotechnology has provided enormous opportunities for the development of ultrasensitive biosensors in detecting early biomarkers with high sensitivity. Biosensors consist of a biorecognition element and a transducer which are able to facilitate an accurate detection of proinflammatory molecules, autoantibodies and other disease-causing molecules. Apparently, novel biosensors could be superior to traditional metrics in assessing the drug efficacy in clinical trials, especially when specific biomarkers are indicative of the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, the portability of a biosensor enables the development of point-of-care devices. In this review, various types of biomolecule sensing systems, including electrochemical, optical and mechanical sensors, and their applications and future potentials in autoimmune disease treatment were discussed.
KW - Autoimmune diseases
KW - Biomarker
KW - Biosensor
KW - Nanotechnology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84984904264&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84984904264&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00005-016-0419-5
DO - 10.1007/s00005-016-0419-5
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27592176
AN - SCOPUS:84984904264
SN - 0004-069X
VL - 65
SP - 111
EP - 121
JO - Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
JF - Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
IS - 2
ER -