Identification of target genes for the Xenopus Hes-related protein XHR1, a prepattern factor specifying the midbrain-hindbrain boundary

Hitomi Takada, Daisuke Hattori, Atsushi Kitayama, Naoto Ueno, Masanori Taira

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

The midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) acts as a local organizer in the development of the CNS in vertebrates. Previously, we identified an MHB-specific bHLH-WRPW transcriptional repressor gene, Xenopus Hes-related 1 (XHR1), which is initially expressed in the presumptive MHB (pre-MHB) region at the early gastrula stage. To better understand the gene cascades involved in MHB formation, we investigated the genes downstream from XHR1 by differential screening using a Xenopus cDNA macroarray and a dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible, dominant-negative transcriptional activator construct of XHR1 (XHR1-VP16-GR). Among the newly identified candidate target genes of XHR1 were Enhancer of split-related genes (ESR1, ESR3/7, and ESR9) and Xenopus laevis cleavage 2 (XLCL2). XHR1-VP16-GR induced the expression of the ESR genes and XLCL2 as well as Xdelta1, Xngnr1, and XHR1 itself in the presence of DEX even after pretreatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. This suggests that these genes are direct targets of XHR1. XHR1-knockdown experiments with antisense morpholino oligos and ectopic expression of wild-type XHR1 revealed that XHR1 is necessary and sufficient to repress ESR genes in the pre-MHB region. Misexpression of the ESR genes in the pre-MHB region repressed the MHB marker gene, Pax2, suggesting that the repression of the ESR genes by XHR1 is at least partly required for the early development of the pre-MHB. Our data also show that XHR1 is not activated by Notch signaling, differing from ESR genes. Taken together, we propose a model in which XHR1 defines the pre-MHB region as a prepattern gene by repressing those possible direct target genes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)253-267
Number of pages15
JournalDevelopmental Biology
Volume283
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2005
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Cl2
  • ESR1
  • ESR3/7
  • ESR9
  • Lbh
  • Midbrain-hindbrain boundary
  • Notch
  • Prepattern gene
  • XHR1
  • XLCL2
  • Xdelta1
  • Xenopus
  • Xngnr1
  • bHLH-WRPW

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

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