Hypothyroidism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Jaime P. Almandoz, Hossein Gharib

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

111 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hypothyroidism is the result of inadequate production of thyroid hormone or inadequate action of thyroid hormone in target tissues. Primary hypothyroidism is the principal manifestation of hypothyroidism, but other causes include central deficiency of thyrotropin-releasing hormone or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or consumptive hypothyroidism from excessive inactivation of thyroid hormone. Subclinical hypothyroidism is present when there is elevated TSH but a normal free thyroxine level. Treatment involves oral administration of exogenous synthetic thyroid hormone. This review presents an update on the etiology and types of hypothyroidism, including subclinical disease; drugs and thyroid function; and diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)203-221
Number of pages19
JournalMedical Clinics of North America
Volume96
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 1 2012

Keywords

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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