@article{c1a771687a1b415dbf47780575a0b3c0,
title = "How Substance Users With ADHD Perceive the Relationship Between Substance Use and Emotional Functioning",
abstract = "Objective: Although substance use (SU) is elevated in ADHD and both are associated with disrupted emotional functioning, little is known about how emotions and SU interact in ADHD. We used a mixed qualitative–quantitative approach to explore this relationship. Method: Narrative comments were coded for 67 persistent (50 ADHD, 17 local normative comparison group [LNCG]) and 25 desistent (20 ADHD, 5 LNCG) substance users from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) adult follow-up (21.7-26.7 years-old). Results: SU persisters perceived SU positively affects emotional states and positive emotional effects outweigh negative effects. No ADHD group effects emerged. Qualitative analysis identified perceptions that cannabis enhanced positive mood for ADHD and LNCG SU persisters, and improved negative mood and ADHD for ADHD SU persisters. Conclusion: Perceptions about SU broadly and mood do not differentiate ADHD and non-ADHD SU persisters. However, perceptions that cannabis is therapeutic may inform ADHD-related risk for cannabis use.",
keywords = "ADHD, MTA study, qualitative research, substance use",
author = "Mitchell, {John T.} and Weisner, {Thomas S.} and Jensen, {Peter S.} and Murray, {Desiree W.} and Molina, {Brooke S.G.} and Arnold, {L. Eugene} and Lily Hechtman and Swanson, {James M.} and Hinshaw, {Stephen P.} and Victor, {Elizabeth C.} and Kollins, {Scott H.} and Wells, {Karen C.} and Belendiuk, {Katherine A.} and Andrew Blonde and Celeste Nguyen and Lizeth Ambriz and Nguyen, {Jenny L.}",
note = "Funding Information: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: In the past 2 years: Dr. Mitchell has received royalties from New Harbinger Press. Dr. Jensen receives royalties from several publishing companies: Random House, Oxford, and APPI, Inc. He also is a part owner of a consulting company, CATCH Services, LLC. He is the CEO/President of a non-profit organization, the REACH Institute, but receives no compensation. The REACH Institute has received an unrestricted gift from Shire, Inc. Dr. Arnold has received research funding from Curemark, Forest, Lilly, Neuropharm, Novartis, Noven, Shire, Supernus, and YoungLiving (as well as NIH and Autism Speaks) and has consulted with or been on advisory boards for Arbor, Gowlings, Neuropharm, Novartis, Noven, Organon, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Seaside Therapeutics, Sigma Tau, Shire, Tris Pharma, and Waypoint; Dr. Hechtman has received research funding, served on the advisory boards and has been speaker for Ely Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Ortho Janssen, Purdue, and Shire; Dr. Wells receives royalty income from Multi-Health Systems; Dr. Kollins has received research support and/or consulting fees from the following: Akili Interactive, Alcobra, Arbor, Atentiv, CogCubed, Kempharm, Intelligent Automation, Ironshore, Neos, NIH, Purdue Canada, Rhodes, Shire, Sunovion, Tris, and SK Life Sciences; Dr. Belendiuk has stock/equity in Shire and Roche. None of the other authors have any additional declarations. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The work reported was supported by cooperative agreement grants and contracts from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to the following: University of California–Berkeley: U01MH50461, N01MH12009, N01DA-8-5550; Duke University: U01MH50477, N01MH12012, N01DA-8-5554; University of California, Irvine: U01MH50440, N01MH12011, N01DA-8-5551; University of Pittsburgh: U01 MH50467, N01MH 12010, N01DA-8-5553; McGill University N01MH12008, N01DA-8-5548. Additional funding support provided by NIDA (K23DA032577 to J.T.M., K24DA023464 to S.H.K., R01DA039881 to B.S.G.M.). The opinions and assertions contained in this report are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of Health and Human Services, the National Institutes of Health, NIMH, or NIDA. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, The Author(s).",
year = "2018",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/1087054716685842",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "22",
pages = "49S--60S",
journal = "Journal of Attention Disorders",
issn = "1087-0547",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
number = "9_suppl",
}