TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of deuteration on transamination and oxidation of hyperpolarized 13 C-Pyruvate in the isolated heart
AU - Funk, Alexander M.
AU - Wen, Xiaodong
AU - Hever, Thomas
AU - Maptue, Nesmine R.
AU - Khemtong, Chalermchai
AU - Sherry, A. D.
AU - Malloy, Craig R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - This study was designed to determine the effects of deuteration in pyruvate on exchange reactions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Although deuteration of a 13 C enriched substrate is commonly used to increase the lifetime of a probe for hyperpolarization experiments, the potential impact of kinetic isotope effects on such substitutions has not been studied in detail. Metabolism of deuterated pyruvate was investigated in isolated rat hearts. Hearts were perfused with a 1:1 mixture of [U- 13 C 3 ]pyruvate and [2- 13 C 1 ]pyruvate or a 1:1 mixture of [U- 13 C 3 ]pyruvate plus [2- 13 C 1 , U- 2 H 3 ]pyruvate for 30 min before being freeze clamped. Another set of hearts received [2- 13 C 1 , U- 2 H 3 ]pyruvate and was freeze-clamped at 3 min or 6 min. Tissue extracts were analyzed by 1 H and 13 C{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift isotope effect of 2 H was monitored in the 13 C NMR spectra of the C2 resonance of lactate and alanine plus the C5 of glutamate. There was little kinetic isotope effect of 2 H in pyruvate on flux through PDH, LDH or ALT as detected by the distribution of 13 C, but the distribution of 2 H differed markedly between alanine and lactate. At steady-state, alanine was a mixture of deuterated species, while lactate was largely perdeuterated. Consistent with results at steady-state, hearts freeze-clamped at 3 min or 6 min showed rapid removal of deuterium in alanine but not in lactate. Metabolism of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C 1 ]pyruvate was compared to [1- 13 C 1 ,U- 2 H 3 ]pyruvate in isolated hearts. Consistent with the results from tissue extracts, there was little effect of deuteration on the kinetics of appearance of lactate, alanine or bicarbonate, but there was a small, time-dependent upfield chemical shift in the HP[1- 13 C 1 ]alanine signal reflecting exchange of methyl deuterons with water protons. Together, these results demonstrate that (1) the kinetics of pyruvate metabolism in hearts detected by 13 C NMR are not affected by replacement of the pyruvate methyl protons with deuterons and (2) that the loss of deuterium from the methyl position occurs rapidly during the conversion of pyruvate to alanine. The majority of the deuterium atoms are lost on the time-scale of a hyperpolarization experiment.
AB - This study was designed to determine the effects of deuteration in pyruvate on exchange reactions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Although deuteration of a 13 C enriched substrate is commonly used to increase the lifetime of a probe for hyperpolarization experiments, the potential impact of kinetic isotope effects on such substitutions has not been studied in detail. Metabolism of deuterated pyruvate was investigated in isolated rat hearts. Hearts were perfused with a 1:1 mixture of [U- 13 C 3 ]pyruvate and [2- 13 C 1 ]pyruvate or a 1:1 mixture of [U- 13 C 3 ]pyruvate plus [2- 13 C 1 , U- 2 H 3 ]pyruvate for 30 min before being freeze clamped. Another set of hearts received [2- 13 C 1 , U- 2 H 3 ]pyruvate and was freeze-clamped at 3 min or 6 min. Tissue extracts were analyzed by 1 H and 13 C{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift isotope effect of 2 H was monitored in the 13 C NMR spectra of the C2 resonance of lactate and alanine plus the C5 of glutamate. There was little kinetic isotope effect of 2 H in pyruvate on flux through PDH, LDH or ALT as detected by the distribution of 13 C, but the distribution of 2 H differed markedly between alanine and lactate. At steady-state, alanine was a mixture of deuterated species, while lactate was largely perdeuterated. Consistent with results at steady-state, hearts freeze-clamped at 3 min or 6 min showed rapid removal of deuterium in alanine but not in lactate. Metabolism of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C 1 ]pyruvate was compared to [1- 13 C 1 ,U- 2 H 3 ]pyruvate in isolated hearts. Consistent with the results from tissue extracts, there was little effect of deuteration on the kinetics of appearance of lactate, alanine or bicarbonate, but there was a small, time-dependent upfield chemical shift in the HP[1- 13 C 1 ]alanine signal reflecting exchange of methyl deuterons with water protons. Together, these results demonstrate that (1) the kinetics of pyruvate metabolism in hearts detected by 13 C NMR are not affected by replacement of the pyruvate methyl protons with deuterons and (2) that the loss of deuterium from the methyl position occurs rapidly during the conversion of pyruvate to alanine. The majority of the deuterium atoms are lost on the time-scale of a hyperpolarization experiment.
KW - Deuteration
KW - Hyperpolarization
KW - Isolated hearts
KW - Isotopomer analysis
KW - Kinetic isotope effects
KW - Perfusions
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062488889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85062488889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.03.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.03.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 30861456
AN - SCOPUS:85062488889
SN - 1090-7807
VL - 301
SP - 102
EP - 108
JO - Journal of Magnetic Resonance
JF - Journal of Magnetic Resonance
ER -