TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of vitamin E and memantine on functional decline in Alzheimer disease
T2 - The TEAM-AD VA cooperative randomized trial
AU - Dysken, Maurice W.
AU - Sano, Mary
AU - Asthana, Sanjay
AU - Vertrees, Julia E.
AU - Pallaki, Muralidhar
AU - Llorente, Maria
AU - Love, Susan
AU - Schellenberg, Gerard D.
AU - McCarten, J. Riley
AU - Malphurs, Julie
AU - Prieto, Susana
AU - Chen, Peijun
AU - Loreck, David J.
AU - Trapp, George
AU - Bakshi, Rajbir S.
AU - Mintzer, Jacobo E.
AU - Heidebrink, Judith L.
AU - Vidal-Cardona, Ana
AU - Arroyo, Lillian M.
AU - Cruz, Angel R.
AU - Zachariah, Sally
AU - Kowall, Neil W.
AU - Chopra, Mohit P.
AU - Craft, Suzanne
AU - Thielke, Stephen
AU - Turvey, Carolyn L.
AU - Woodman, Catherine
AU - Monnell, Kimberly A.
AU - Gordon, Kimberly
AU - Tomaska, Julie
AU - Segal, Yoav
AU - Peduzzi, Peter N.
AU - Guarino, Peter D.
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - IMPORTANCE: Although vitamin E and memantine have been shown to have beneficial effects in moderately severe Alzheimer disease (AD), evidence is limited in mild to moderate AD. OBJECTIVE: To determine if vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), memantine, or both slow progression of mild to moderate AD in patients taking an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial involving 613 patients with mild to moderate AD initiated in August 2007 and concluded in September 2012 at 14 Veterans Affairs medical centers. INTERVENTIONS: Participants received either 2000 IU/d of alpha tocopherol (n = 152), 20 mg/d of memantine (n = 155), the combination (n = 154), or placebo (n = 152). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study/Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) Inventory score (range, 0-78). Secondary outcomes included cognitive, neuropsychiatric, functional, and caregiver measures. RESULTS: Over the mean (SD) follow-up of 2.27 (1.22) years, participants receiving alpha tocopherol had slower decline than those receiving placebo as measured by the ADCS-ADL. The change translates into a delay in clinical progression of 19% per year compared with placebo (approximately 6.2 months over the follow-up period). Caregiver time increased least in the alpha tocopherol group. All-cause mortality and safety analyses showed a difference only on the serious adverse event of "infections or infestations" with greater frequencies in the memantine (31 events in 23 participants) and combination groups (44 events in 31 participants) compared with placebo (13 events in 11 participants). (Table Presented) CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with mild to moderate AD, 2000 IU/d of alpha tocopherol compared with placebo resulted in slower functional decline. There were no significant differences in the groups receiving memantine alone or memantine plus alpha tocopherol. These findings suggest benefit of alpha tocopherol in mild to moderate AD by slowing functional decline and decreasing caregiver burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00235716
AB - IMPORTANCE: Although vitamin E and memantine have been shown to have beneficial effects in moderately severe Alzheimer disease (AD), evidence is limited in mild to moderate AD. OBJECTIVE: To determine if vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), memantine, or both slow progression of mild to moderate AD in patients taking an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial involving 613 patients with mild to moderate AD initiated in August 2007 and concluded in September 2012 at 14 Veterans Affairs medical centers. INTERVENTIONS: Participants received either 2000 IU/d of alpha tocopherol (n = 152), 20 mg/d of memantine (n = 155), the combination (n = 154), or placebo (n = 152). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study/Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) Inventory score (range, 0-78). Secondary outcomes included cognitive, neuropsychiatric, functional, and caregiver measures. RESULTS: Over the mean (SD) follow-up of 2.27 (1.22) years, participants receiving alpha tocopherol had slower decline than those receiving placebo as measured by the ADCS-ADL. The change translates into a delay in clinical progression of 19% per year compared with placebo (approximately 6.2 months over the follow-up period). Caregiver time increased least in the alpha tocopherol group. All-cause mortality and safety analyses showed a difference only on the serious adverse event of "infections or infestations" with greater frequencies in the memantine (31 events in 23 participants) and combination groups (44 events in 31 participants) compared with placebo (13 events in 11 participants). (Table Presented) CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with mild to moderate AD, 2000 IU/d of alpha tocopherol compared with placebo resulted in slower functional decline. There were no significant differences in the groups receiving memantine alone or memantine plus alpha tocopherol. These findings suggest benefit of alpha tocopherol in mild to moderate AD by slowing functional decline and decreasing caregiver burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00235716
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U2 - 10.1001/jama.2013.282834
DO - 10.1001/jama.2013.282834
M3 - Article
C2 - 24381967
AN - SCOPUS:84891945394
SN - 0098-7484
VL - 311
SP - 33
EP - 44
JO - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
JF - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
IS - 1
ER -