Abstract
Purpose: To develop echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) with large spectral width and accomplish high-resolution imaging of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) at 7 T. Methods: We designed a new EPSI readout scheme at 7 T. Data were recorded with dual-readout alternated gradients and combined according to the gradient polarity. Following validation of its performance in phantoms, the new readout scheme, together with previously reported 2HG-optimized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (point-resolved spectroscopy echo time of 78 ms), was used for time-efficient and high-resolution imaging of 2HG and other metabolites in five glioma patients before treatment. Unsuppressed water, acquired with EPSI, was used as reference for multichannel combination, eddy-current compensation, and metabolite quantification. Spectral fitting was conducted with the LCModel using in-house calculated basis sets. Results: Using a readout gradient strength of 9.5 mT/m and slew rate of 90 mT/m/ms, dual-readout alternated gradients EPSI permitted 1638-Hz spectral width with 6 × 6 mm2 in-plane resolution at 7 T. Phantom data indicated that dual-readout alternated gradients EPSI provides proper metabolite signals and induces much less frequency drifts than conventional EPSI. For a spatial resolution of 0.5 mL, 2HG was detected in tumors with precision (Cramer-Rao lower bound < 10%). The 2HG was estimated to be 2.3 to 3.3 mM in tumors of three patients with biopsy-proven isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas. The 2HG was undetectable in an IDH wild-type glioblastoma. For a radiographically suggested glioma, the estimated 2HG of 2.3 ± 0.2 mM (Cramer-Rao lower bound < 10%) indicated that the lesion may be an IDH mutant glioma. Conclusions: The data indicated that the dual-readout alternated gradients EPSI can provide reliable high-resolution imaging of 2HG in glioma patients at 7 T in vivo. Magn Reson Med 79:1851–1861, 2018.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 1851-1861 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Magnetic resonance in medicine |
Volume | 79 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Apr 2018 |
Keywords
- 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG)
- 7T
- H MRS
- dual-readout alternated-gradients EPSI (DRAG-EPSI)
- echo-planar spectroscopy imaging (EPSI)
- glioma
- human brain tumor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging