TY - JOUR
T1 - Defining treatment-resistant depression
T2 - A comprehensive review of the literature
AU - Trevino, Kenneth
AU - McClintock, Shawn M.
AU - Fischer, Noelle McDonald
AU - Vora, Ankita
AU - Husain, Mustafa M.
PY - 2014/8/1
Y1 - 2014/8/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Despite the common occurrence and debilitating nature of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), currently there is no universally accepted definition for TRD. This review summarizes the different methods used to define TRD, and provides an overview of the TRD literature. METHODS: PsycInfo, Medline, and Ovid were searched to identify relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals. A combination and/or variation of the following keywords were searched: treatment resistant, treatment refractory, depression, defining, staging, and modeling. Identified articles provided a description of the methods utilized for defining and/or measuring TRD, prevalence and impact of TRD, risk factors for TRD, and/or factors that contribute to the misclassification of non-TRD patients. RESULTS: Multiple methods for defining/measuring TRD have been proposed; however, variability in these methods has limited the comparability between TRD studies. Although various risk factors for TRD have been suggested, few have been consistently supported. The misclassification of non-TRD patients as having TRD is related to various clinical and treatment-related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Adopting a universal standard definition for TRD is necessary to reduce the variability in how TRD is defined, and the misclassification of non-TRD patients. A universal definition would benefit clinical and research settings by allowing data to be easily compared across these settings.
AB - BACKGROUND: Despite the common occurrence and debilitating nature of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), currently there is no universally accepted definition for TRD. This review summarizes the different methods used to define TRD, and provides an overview of the TRD literature. METHODS: PsycInfo, Medline, and Ovid were searched to identify relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals. A combination and/or variation of the following keywords were searched: treatment resistant, treatment refractory, depression, defining, staging, and modeling. Identified articles provided a description of the methods utilized for defining and/or measuring TRD, prevalence and impact of TRD, risk factors for TRD, and/or factors that contribute to the misclassification of non-TRD patients. RESULTS: Multiple methods for defining/measuring TRD have been proposed; however, variability in these methods has limited the comparability between TRD studies. Although various risk factors for TRD have been suggested, few have been consistently supported. The misclassification of non-TRD patients as having TRD is related to various clinical and treatment-related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Adopting a universal standard definition for TRD is necessary to reduce the variability in how TRD is defined, and the misclassification of non-TRD patients. A universal definition would benefit clinical and research settings by allowing data to be easily compared across these settings.
KW - Drug resistance
KW - Major depressive disorder
KW - Risk factors
KW - Staging models
KW - Treatment failure
KW - Treatment-resistant depression
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M3 - Review article
C2 - 25166485
AN - SCOPUS:84922213391
SN - 1040-1237
VL - 26
SP - 222
EP - 232
JO - Annals of Clinical Psychiatry
JF - Annals of Clinical Psychiatry
IS - 3
ER -