TY - JOUR
T1 - Correlates of Processing Speed Change With Combined Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exercise in Progressive MS
T2 - Secondary Analysis of the CogEx Trial
AU - Sandroff, Brian M.
AU - Motl, Robert W.
AU - Hernandez, Roberto S.
AU - Amato, Maria Pia
AU - Brichetto, Giampaolo
AU - Chataway, Jeremy
AU - Chiaravalloti, Nancy D.
AU - Cutter, Gary R.
AU - Dalgas, Ulrik
AU - DeLuca, John
AU - Farrell, Rachel
AU - Feys, Peter
AU - Filippi, Massimo
AU - Freeman, Jennifer
AU - Inglese, Matilde
AU - Meza, Cecilia
AU - Rocca, Maria A.
AU - Salter, Amber
AU - Feinstein, Anthony
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Background: Cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training are promising approaches for improving cognition in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Identifying heterogeneity of change and factors that influence the effects of cognitive rehabilitation and/or exercise training on cognitive outcomes at the individual level have direct relevance for developing tailored and optimized rehabilitation interventions for improving cognition in progressive MS. Objective: This study involved a secondary data analysis from the CogEx trial in progressive MS. This study first described heterogeneity of change in cognitive processing speed (CPS) across the intervention conditions and then identified possible adherence/compliance, baseline performance, and demographic/clinical variables as correlates of rehabilitation-related CPS changes. Methods: A total of 311 persons with progressive MS who were pre-screened for impaired CPS completed 12 weeks of combined cognitive rehabilitation (or sham) and exercise training (or sham). CPS was measured before and after the 12-week period. As potential correlates of CPS changes, we measured adherence/compliance (ie, treatment exposure), performance outcomes at baseline, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. Results: There was heterogeneity of change in CPS across the 4 intervention conditions. We further identified baseline learning and memory impairment and premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ), but not adherence/compliance, other baseline performance outcomes, or demographic/clinical characteristics as significant correlates of CPS changes across the 4 intervention conditions. Conclusions: The overall pattern of results suggests that future trials in this area might account for impaired learning and memory and/or premorbid IQ as potential covariates, or more carefully consider the role of reserve within rehabilitation interventions in progressive MS.
AB - Background: Cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training are promising approaches for improving cognition in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Identifying heterogeneity of change and factors that influence the effects of cognitive rehabilitation and/or exercise training on cognitive outcomes at the individual level have direct relevance for developing tailored and optimized rehabilitation interventions for improving cognition in progressive MS. Objective: This study involved a secondary data analysis from the CogEx trial in progressive MS. This study first described heterogeneity of change in cognitive processing speed (CPS) across the intervention conditions and then identified possible adherence/compliance, baseline performance, and demographic/clinical variables as correlates of rehabilitation-related CPS changes. Methods: A total of 311 persons with progressive MS who were pre-screened for impaired CPS completed 12 weeks of combined cognitive rehabilitation (or sham) and exercise training (or sham). CPS was measured before and after the 12-week period. As potential correlates of CPS changes, we measured adherence/compliance (ie, treatment exposure), performance outcomes at baseline, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. Results: There was heterogeneity of change in CPS across the 4 intervention conditions. We further identified baseline learning and memory impairment and premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ), but not adherence/compliance, other baseline performance outcomes, or demographic/clinical characteristics as significant correlates of CPS changes across the 4 intervention conditions. Conclusions: The overall pattern of results suggests that future trials in this area might account for impaired learning and memory and/or premorbid IQ as potential covariates, or more carefully consider the role of reserve within rehabilitation interventions in progressive MS.
KW - cognition
KW - cognitive rehabilitation
KW - exercise
KW - multiple sclerosis
KW - response heterogeneity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105004271019&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=105004271019&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/15459683251331586
DO - 10.1177/15459683251331586
M3 - Article
C2 - 40319368
AN - SCOPUS:105004271019
SN - 1545-9683
JO - Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
JF - Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
ER -