TY - JOUR
T1 - Connectivity of the human insula
T2 - A cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) study
AU - Dionisio, Sasha
AU - Mayoglou, Lazarus
AU - Cho, Sung Min
AU - Prime, David
AU - Flanigan, Patrick M.
AU - Lega, Bradley
AU - Mosher, John
AU - Leahy, Richard
AU - Gonzalez-Martinez, Jorge
AU - Nair, Dileep
N1 - Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health under award R01NS089212 . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health under award R01NS089212. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. No part of the study procedures was pre-registered prior to the research being conducted. MATLAB codes that were used to process CCEPs, raw post processed data and stimulation numbers are provided as excel spreadsheets (https://osf.io/vbu39/quickfiles). In addition, the conditions of our ethics approval do not permit public archiving of anonymised study data. Readers seeking access to the raw stimulation EEG data should contact the Epilepsy Centre or the local ethics committee at the Cleveland Clinic, Main Campus, Ohio, USA. Access can be granted only to named individuals in accordance with ethical procedures governing the reuse of sensitive clinical data. The authors would like to thank Ms. Kirsty Rickett (Library services, University of Queensland), Matthew Woolfe and Mr. Don Murray.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/11
Y1 - 2019/11
N2 - Objective: The human insula is increasingly being implicated as a multimodal functional network hub involved in a large variety of complex functions. Due to its inconspicuous location and highly vascular anatomy, it has historically been difficult to study. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs), utilize low frequency stimulation to map cerebral networks. They were used to study connections of the human insula. Methods: CCEP data was acquired from each sub-region of the dominant and non-dominant insula in 30 patients who underwent stereo-EEG. Connectivity strength to the various cortical regions was obtained via a measure of root mean square (RMS), calculated from each gyrus of the insula and ranked into weighted means. Results: The results of all cumulative CCEP responses for each individual gyrus were represented by circro plots. Forty-nine individual CCEP pairs were stimulated across all the gyri from the right and left insula. In brief, the left insula contributed more greatly to language areas. Sensory function, pain, saliency processing and vestibular function were more heavily implicated from the right insula. Connections to the primary auditory cortex arose from both insula regions. Both posterior insula regions showed significant contralateral connectivity. Ipsilateral mesial temporal connections were seen from both insula regions. In visual function, we further report the novel finding of a direct connection between the right posterior insula and left visual cortex. Significance: The insula is a major multi-modal network hub with the cerebral cortex having major roles in language, sensation, auditory, visual, limbic and vestibular functions as well as saliency processing. In temporal lobe epilepsy surgery failure, the insula may be implicated as an extra temporal cause, due to the strong mesial temporal connectivity findings.
AB - Objective: The human insula is increasingly being implicated as a multimodal functional network hub involved in a large variety of complex functions. Due to its inconspicuous location and highly vascular anatomy, it has historically been difficult to study. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs), utilize low frequency stimulation to map cerebral networks. They were used to study connections of the human insula. Methods: CCEP data was acquired from each sub-region of the dominant and non-dominant insula in 30 patients who underwent stereo-EEG. Connectivity strength to the various cortical regions was obtained via a measure of root mean square (RMS), calculated from each gyrus of the insula and ranked into weighted means. Results: The results of all cumulative CCEP responses for each individual gyrus were represented by circro plots. Forty-nine individual CCEP pairs were stimulated across all the gyri from the right and left insula. In brief, the left insula contributed more greatly to language areas. Sensory function, pain, saliency processing and vestibular function were more heavily implicated from the right insula. Connections to the primary auditory cortex arose from both insula regions. Both posterior insula regions showed significant contralateral connectivity. Ipsilateral mesial temporal connections were seen from both insula regions. In visual function, we further report the novel finding of a direct connection between the right posterior insula and left visual cortex. Significance: The insula is a major multi-modal network hub with the cerebral cortex having major roles in language, sensation, auditory, visual, limbic and vestibular functions as well as saliency processing. In temporal lobe epilepsy surgery failure, the insula may be implicated as an extra temporal cause, due to the strong mesial temporal connectivity findings.
KW - Brain networks
KW - Connectivity
KW - Cortico-cortical evoked potentials
KW - Epilepsy
KW - Insula
KW - Stereo-EEG
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85070813942&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.019
DO - 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 31442863
AN - SCOPUS:85070813942
SN - 0010-9452
VL - 120
SP - 419
EP - 442
JO - Cortex
JF - Cortex
ER -