Classification of traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies

Kathryn E. Saatman, Ann Christine Duhaime, Ross Bullock, Andrew I.R. Maas, Alex Valadka, Geoffrey T. Manley, David Brody, Charles Contant, Pramod Dash, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Stephanie Fertig, Alisa Gean, Clay Goodman, Wayne Gordon, Ronald Hayes, Ramona Hicks, Jean Langloi, Anthony Marmarou, David Moore, Gordon MurrayDavid Okonkwo, Linda Papa, Linda Phillips, Nikolaus Plesnila, Claudia Robertson, Courtney Robertson, Juan Sahuquillo, Robert Silbergleit, Ewout Steyerberg, Nino Stocchetti, Evelyn Teasdale, Graham Teasdale, Nancy Temkin, Hilaire Thompson, Karen Tong, Lindsay Wilson, David Wright

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

839 Scopus citations

Abstract

The heterogeneity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered one of the most significant barriers to finding effective therapeutic interventions. In October, 2007, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, with support from the Brain Injury Association of America, the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, and the National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research, convened a workshop to outline the steps needed to develop a reliable, efficient and valid classification system for TBI that could be used to link specific patterns of brain and neurovascular injury with appropriate therapeutic interventions. Currently, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the primary selection criterion for inclusion in most TBI clinical trials. While the GCS is extremely useful in the clinical management and prognosis of TBI, it does not provide specific information about the pathophysiologic mechanisms which are responsible for neurological deficits and targeted by interventions. On the premise that brain injuries with similar pathoanatomic features are likely to share common pathophysiologic mechanisms, participants proposed that a new, multidimensional classification system should be developed for TBI clinical trials. It was agreed that preclinical models were vital in establishing pathophysiologic mechanisms relevant to specific pathoanatomic types of TBI and verifying that a given therapeutic approach improves outcome in these targeted TBI types. In a clinical trial, patients with the targeted pathoanatomic injury type would be selected using an initial diagnostic entry criterion, including their severity of injury. Coexisting brain injury types would be identified and multivariate prognostic modeling used for refinement of inclusion/exclusion criteria and patient stratification. Outcome assessment would utilize endpoints relevant to the targeted injury type. Advantages and disadvantages of currently available diagnostic, monitoring, and assessment tools were discussed. Recommendations were made for enhancing the utility of available or emerging tools in order to facilitate implementation of a pathoanatomic classification approach for clinical trials.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)719-738
Number of pages20
JournalJournal of neurotrauma
Volume25
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2008
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Clinical trial
  • Head injury
  • Intervention
  • Outcome
  • Therapy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Clinical Neurology

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