@inbook{e4e02e32c85d4a7eb99d6fa44eaf4c89,
title = "Ci/Gli Phosphorylation by the Fused/Ulk Family Kinases",
abstract = "Hedgehog (Hh) signaling culminates in the conversion of the latent transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci)/Gli from a repressor form (CiR/GliR) into an activator form (CiA/GliA). While sequential phosphorylation of Ci/Gli by protein kinase A(PKA), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), and casein kinase 1 (CK1) is essential for its proteolytic processing that generates CiR/GliR, sequential phosphorylation of Ci/Gli by the Fused (Fu)/Unc-51 like kinase (Ulk) family kinases Fu/Ulk3/Stk36 and CK1 contributes to the formation of CiA/GliA. Fu/Ulk3/Stk36-mediated phosphorylation of Ci/Gli is stimulated by Hh, leading to altered interaction between Ci/Gli and the Hh pathway repressor Sufu. Here we describe both in vitro and in vivo assays that determine Ci/Gli phosphorylation by the Fu/Ulk family kinases and its regulation by Hh.",
keywords = "Atg1, CK1, Ci, Fu, Gli1, Gli2, Gli3, Hh, Kinase, Phosphorylation, Shh, Signaling, Stk36, Ulk1, Ulk3",
author = "Yuhong Han and Jin Jiang",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-0716-1701-4_19",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
pages = "213--229",
booktitle = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
}