TY - JOUR
T1 - Cerebral microbleeds
T2 - a guide to detection and interpretation
AU - Greenberg, Steven M.
AU - Vernooij, Meike W.
AU - Cordonnier, Charlotte
AU - Viswanathan, Anand
AU - Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam
AU - Warach, Steven
AU - Launer, Lenore J.
AU - Van Buchem, Mark A.
AU - Breteler, Monique MB
N1 - Funding Information:
Other members of the Microbleed Study Group who participated in the Cerebral Microbleeds: Detection and Definition conference and contributed valuable discussions and criticisms for this paper were M A Ikram, M J Bos, M M F Poels (Rotterdam, Netherlands), J van der Grond (Leiden, Netherlands), M E Gurol, and R N K Nandigam (Boston, USA). The conference was held by the Microbleed Study Group on April 12, 2008 in Chicago, USA and was supported by sundry research funds provided by individual donors to the Massachusetts General Hospital Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program without commercial interests or contributions from industry.
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are increasingly recognised neuroimaging findings in individuals with cerebrovascular disease and dementia, and in normal ageing. There has been substantial progress in the understanding of CMBs in recent years, particularly in the development of newer MRI methods for the detection of CMBs and the application of these techniques to population-based samples of elderly people. In this Review, we focus on these recent developments and their effects on two main questions: how CMBs are detected, and how CMBs should be interpreted. The number of CMBs detected depends on MRI characteristics, such as pulse sequence, sequence parameters, spatial resolution, magnetic field strength, and image post-processing, emphasising the importance of taking into account MRI technique in the interpretation of study results. Recent investigations with sensitive MRI techniques have indicated a high prevalence of CMBs in community-dwelling elderly people. We propose a procedural guide for identification of CMBs and suggest possible future approaches for elucidating the role of these common lesions as markers for, and contributors to, small-vessel brain disease.
AB - Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are increasingly recognised neuroimaging findings in individuals with cerebrovascular disease and dementia, and in normal ageing. There has been substantial progress in the understanding of CMBs in recent years, particularly in the development of newer MRI methods for the detection of CMBs and the application of these techniques to population-based samples of elderly people. In this Review, we focus on these recent developments and their effects on two main questions: how CMBs are detected, and how CMBs should be interpreted. The number of CMBs detected depends on MRI characteristics, such as pulse sequence, sequence parameters, spatial resolution, magnetic field strength, and image post-processing, emphasising the importance of taking into account MRI technique in the interpretation of study results. Recent investigations with sensitive MRI techniques have indicated a high prevalence of CMBs in community-dwelling elderly people. We propose a procedural guide for identification of CMBs and suggest possible future approaches for elucidating the role of these common lesions as markers for, and contributors to, small-vessel brain disease.
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U2 - 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70013-4
DO - 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70013-4
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19161908
AN - SCOPUS:58649115794
SN - 1474-4422
VL - 8
SP - 165
EP - 174
JO - The Lancet Neurology
JF - The Lancet Neurology
IS - 2
ER -