TY - JOUR
T1 - Causes and timing of death in extremely premature infants from 2000 through 2011
AU - Patel, Ravi M.
AU - Kandefer, Sarah
AU - Walsh, Michele C.
AU - Bell, Edward F.
AU - Carlo, Waldemar A.
AU - Laptook, Abbot R.
AU - Sánchez, Pablo J.
AU - Shankaran, Seetha
AU - Van Meurs, Krisa P.
AU - Ball, M. Bethany
AU - Hale, Ellen C.
AU - Newman, Nancy S.
AU - Das, Abhik
AU - Higgins, Rosemary D.
AU - Stoll, Barbara J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society.
PY - 2015/1/22
Y1 - 2015/1/22
N2 - BACKGROUND: Understanding the causes and timing of death in extremely premature infants may guide research efforts and inform the counseling of families. METHODS: We analyzed prospectively collected data on 6075 deaths among 22, 248 live births, with gestational ages of 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks, among infants born in study hospitals within the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. We compared overall and cause-specific in-hospital mortality across three periods from 2000 through 2011, with adjustment for baseline differences. RESULTS: The number of deaths per 1000 live births was 275 (95% confidence interval [CI], 264 to 285) from 2000 through 2003 and 285 (95% CI, 275 to 295) from 2004 through 2007; the number decreased to 258 (95% CI, 248 to 268) in the 2008-2011 period (P = 0.003 for the comparison across three periods). There were fewer pulmo-nary-related deaths attributed to the respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 2008-2011 than in 2000-2003 and 2004-2007 (68 [95% CI, 63 to 74] vs. 83 [95% CI, 77 to 90] and 84 [95% CI, 78 to 90] per 1000 live births, respectively; P = 0.002). Similarly, in 2008-2011, as compared with 2000-2003, there were decreases in deaths attributed to immaturity (P = 0.05) and deaths complicated by infection (P = 0.04) or central nervous system injury (P<0.001); however, there were increases in deaths attributed to necrotizing enterocolitis (30 [95% CI, 27 to 34] vs. 23 [95% CI, 20 to 27], P = 0.03). Overall, 40.4% of deaths occurred within 12 hours after birth, and 17.3% occurred after 28 days. CONCLUSIONS: We found that from 2000 through 2011, overall mortality declined among extremely premature infants. Deaths related to pulmonary causes, immaturity, infection, and central nervous system injury decreased, while necrotizing enterocolitis-related deaths increased.
AB - BACKGROUND: Understanding the causes and timing of death in extremely premature infants may guide research efforts and inform the counseling of families. METHODS: We analyzed prospectively collected data on 6075 deaths among 22, 248 live births, with gestational ages of 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks, among infants born in study hospitals within the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. We compared overall and cause-specific in-hospital mortality across three periods from 2000 through 2011, with adjustment for baseline differences. RESULTS: The number of deaths per 1000 live births was 275 (95% confidence interval [CI], 264 to 285) from 2000 through 2003 and 285 (95% CI, 275 to 295) from 2004 through 2007; the number decreased to 258 (95% CI, 248 to 268) in the 2008-2011 period (P = 0.003 for the comparison across three periods). There were fewer pulmo-nary-related deaths attributed to the respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 2008-2011 than in 2000-2003 and 2004-2007 (68 [95% CI, 63 to 74] vs. 83 [95% CI, 77 to 90] and 84 [95% CI, 78 to 90] per 1000 live births, respectively; P = 0.002). Similarly, in 2008-2011, as compared with 2000-2003, there were decreases in deaths attributed to immaturity (P = 0.05) and deaths complicated by infection (P = 0.04) or central nervous system injury (P<0.001); however, there were increases in deaths attributed to necrotizing enterocolitis (30 [95% CI, 27 to 34] vs. 23 [95% CI, 20 to 27], P = 0.03). Overall, 40.4% of deaths occurred within 12 hours after birth, and 17.3% occurred after 28 days. CONCLUSIONS: We found that from 2000 through 2011, overall mortality declined among extremely premature infants. Deaths related to pulmonary causes, immaturity, infection, and central nervous system injury decreased, while necrotizing enterocolitis-related deaths increased.
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U2 - 10.1056/NEJMoa1403489
DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa1403489
M3 - Article
C2 - 25607427
AN - SCOPUS:84921452642
SN - 0028-4793
VL - 372
SP - 331
EP - 340
JO - New England Journal of Medicine
JF - New England Journal of Medicine
IS - 4
ER -