@article{d85edf7ea4694dc7bd94e0daa72e29cd,
title = "B0 shimming for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations",
abstract = "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) allow the chemical analysis of physiological processes in vivo and provide powerful tools in the life sciences and for clinical diagnostics. Excellent homogeneity of the static B0 magnetic field over the object of interest is essential for achieving high-quality spectral results and quantitative metabolic measurements. The experimental minimization of B0 variation is performed in a process called B0 shimming. In this article, we summarize the concepts of B0 field shimming using spherical harmonic shimming techniques, specific strategies for B0 homogenization and crucial factors to consider for implementation and use in both brain and body. In addition, experts' recommendations are provided for minimum requirements for B0 shim hardware and evaluation criteria for the primary outcome of adequate B0 shimming for MRS and MRSI, such as the water spectroscopic linewidth.",
keywords = "B magnetic field, homogenization, shimming, spherical harmonic functions",
author = "Christoph Juchem and Cristina Cudalbu and {de Graaf}, {Robin A.} and Rolf Gruetter and Anke Henning and Hetherington, {Hoby P.} and Boer, {Vincent O.}",
note = "Funding Information: Helpful discussions and contributions to the tables by Drs Ovidiu Andronesi, Patrick Bolan, In-Young Choi, Uzay Emir, Ariane Fillmer, Martin Gajdo??k, Lars Hanson, Linda Heskamp, Hermien Kan, Martin Kr???k, Andrew Maudsley, Gulin Oz, Jeanine Prompers, Tom Scheenen, Ivan Tkac, Julien Valette and Jannie Wijnen, as well as the ISMRM MR Spectroscopy Study Group, are acknowledged. A further group of experts?recruited by personal invitation, all of them with many years of expertise in the field of B0 shim methodology?was invited to provide comments and support this publication. The members of this group are listed in Table S1. Financial support was provided by the SNSF project no. 310030_173222/1 and by the CIBM (UNIL, UNIGE, HUG, CHUV, EPFL, as well as the Leenaards and Jeantet Foundations). Funding Information: Helpful discussions and contributions to the tables by Drs Ovidiu Andronesi, Patrick Bolan, In‐Young Choi, Uzay Emir, Ariane Fillmer, Martin Gajdo{\v s}{\'i}k, Lars Hanson, Linda Heskamp, Hermien Kan, Martin Kr{\v s}{\v s}{\'a}k, Andrew Maudsley, Gulin Oz, Jeanine Prompers, Tom Scheenen, Ivan Tkac, Julien Valette and Jannie Wijnen, as well as the ISMRM MR Spectroscopy Study Group, are acknowledged. A further group of experts—recruited by personal invitation, all of them with many years of expertise in the field of B shim methodology—was invited to provide comments and support this publication. The members of this group are listed in Table S1 . Financial support was provided by the SNSF project no. 310030_173222/1 and by the CIBM (UNIL, UNIGE, HUG, CHUV, EPFL, as well as the Leenaards and Jeantet Foundations). 0 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
year = "2021",
month = may,
doi = "10.1002/nbm.4350",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "34",
journal = "NMR in Biomedicine",
issn = "0952-3480",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
number = "5",
}