TY - JOUR
T1 - Body fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
T2 - How far we have come and how they could affect the clinic now and in the future
AU - Raphael, Itay
AU - Webb, Johanna
AU - Stuve, Olaf
AU - Haskins, William
AU - Forsthuber, Thomas
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors were supported by the National Institute of Health (USA) and National MS Society (USA). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Informa UK, Ltd.
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which affects over 2.5 million people worldwide. Although MS has been extensively studied, many challenges still remain in regards to treatment, diagnosis and prognosis. Typically, prognosis and individual responses to treatment are evaluated by clinical tests such as the expanded disability status scale, MRI and presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, none of these measures correlates strongly with treatment efficacy or disease progression across heterogeneous patient populations and subtypes of MS. Numerous studies over the past decades have attempted to identify sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment efficacy of MS. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the current literature on body fluid biomarkers in MS, including research on potential biomarker candidates in the areas of miRNA, mRNA, lipids and proteins.
AB - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which affects over 2.5 million people worldwide. Although MS has been extensively studied, many challenges still remain in regards to treatment, diagnosis and prognosis. Typically, prognosis and individual responses to treatment are evaluated by clinical tests such as the expanded disability status scale, MRI and presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, none of these measures correlates strongly with treatment efficacy or disease progression across heterogeneous patient populations and subtypes of MS. Numerous studies over the past decades have attempted to identify sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment efficacy of MS. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the current literature on body fluid biomarkers in MS, including research on potential biomarker candidates in the areas of miRNA, mRNA, lipids and proteins.
KW - autoimmunity
KW - biomarker
KW - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
KW - multiple sclerosis
KW - prognosis
KW - therapy
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U2 - 10.1586/1744666X.2015.991315
DO - 10.1586/1744666X.2015.991315
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25523168
AN - SCOPUS:84919788913
SN - 1744-666X
VL - 11
SP - 69
EP - 91
JO - Expert review of clinical immunology
JF - Expert review of clinical immunology
IS - 1
ER -