Abstract
In eukaryotes, the genome is hierarchically packed inside the nucleus, which facilitates physical contact between cis-regulatory elements (CREs), such as enhancers and promoters. Accumulating evidence highlights the critical role of higher-order chromatin structure in precise regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression under diverse biological contexts including lineage commitment and cell activation by external stimulus. Genomics and imaging-based technologies, such as Hi-C and DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), have revealed the key principles of genome folding, while newly developed tools focus on improvement in resolution, throughput and modality at single-cell and population levels, and challenge the knowledge obtained through conventional approaches. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of principles of higher-order chromosome conformation and technologies to investigate 4D chromatin interactions.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 233-245 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | BMB Reports |
Volume | 54 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2021 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- 3D genome
- 4D genome
- Chromatin architecture
- Chromatin loop
- Chromosome conformation
- Genome folding
- Hi-C
- Higher-order chromatin structure
- TAD
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology