@article{97182778ff70460593a243fa24148511,
title = "A quantitative study of empty baskets in essential tremor and other motor neurodegenerative diseases",
abstract = "The underlying biology of essential tremor (ET) is poorly understood. Purkinje cell (PC) loss has been observed in some studies, although this finding remains somewhat controversial. Basket cells are interneurons whose axonal collaterals form a plexus around PC soma. When there is PC loss, this basket plexus appears empty. We used dual immunohistochemical staining for calbindin D28kand glutamic acid decarboxylase to quantify “empty baskets” as an indirect and alternative method of detecting PC loss. Microscopic analyses on 127 brains included ET and a spectrum of motor neurodegenerative diseases (50 ET, 27 spinocerebellar ataxias [SCAs], 25 Parkinson disease, 25 controls). The median percentage of empty baskets in ET patients was 1.5 times higher than controls (48.8% vs 33.5%, p < 0.001) but lower in ET than in SCA1 (59.7%, p ¼ 0.011), SCA2 (77.5%, p ¼ 0.003), and SCA6 (87.0%, p < 0.001). PC loss is not a feature of SCA3, and the median percentage of empty baskets (30.1%) was similar to controls (p ¼ 0.303). These data provide support for PC loss in ET and are consistent with the notion that ET could represent a mild form of cerebellar degeneration with an intermediate degree of PC loss.",
keywords = "Basket cells, Cerebellum, Essential tremor, Neurode-generation, Parkinson disease, Purkinje cells, Spinocerebellar ataxia",
author = "Lee, {Paul J.} and Kerridge, {Chloe A.} and Debotri Chatterjee and Koeppen, {Arnulf H.} and Faust, {Phyllis L.} and Louis, {Elan D.}",
note = "Funding Information: Elan D. Louis has received research support from the National Institutes of Health: NINDS R01 NS086736 (principal investigator) and NINDS R01 NS088257 (principal investigator). Phyllis L. Faust has received funding from the National Institutes of Health: NINDS R21 NS077094 and NINDS R01 NS088257 (principal investigator). Arnulf H. Koeppen has received funding from the National Ataxia Foundation to expand and maintain the ataxia tissue repository at the Albany Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Funding Information: From the Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; New York, New York; Albany, New York (PJL, EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (CAK, DC, PLF);Research, Neu-rology, and Pathology Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Albany Medical College, Al-bany (AHK); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven (EDL); and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Univer-sity, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL) Phyllis L. Faust and Elan D. Louis contributed equally to this work Send correspondence to: Elan D. Louis, MD, MSc, Department of Neurol-ogy, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University at LCI 710 15 York Street, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT 06520-8018; Email: elan. louis@yale.edu Elan D. Louis has received research support from the National Institutes of Health: NINDS R01 NS086736 (principal investigator) and NINDS R01 NS088257 (principal investigator). Phyllis L. Faust has received funding from the National Institutes of Health: NINDS R21 NS077094 and NINDS R01 NS088257 (principal investigator). Arnulf H. Koeppen has received funding from the National Ataxia Foundation to expand and maintain the ataxia tissue repository at the Albany Veterans Affairs Med-ical Center. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc. All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/jnen/nly114",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "78",
pages = "113--122",
journal = "Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology",
issn = "0022-3069",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "2",
}