TY - JOUR
T1 - A genomic perspective on the taxonomy of the subtribe Carcharodina (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Carcharodini)
AU - Zhang, Jing
AU - Brockmann, Ernst
AU - Cong, Qian
AU - Shen, Jinhui
AU - Grishin, Nick V.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Robert K. Robbins and Brian Harris (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA), Wolfram Mey and Viola Richter (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany), David A. Grimaldi and Courtney Richenbacher (American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA), Rodolphe Rougerie (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France), and Weiping Xie (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA, USA) for facilitating access to the collections under their care and stimulating discussions; to Bernard Hermier for many enlightening discussions, and numerous suggestions; and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The study has been supported by grants (to NVG) from the National Institutes of Health GM127390 and the Welch Foundation I-1505.
Funding Information:
We are grateful to Robert K. Robbins and Brian Harris (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA), Wolfram Mey and Viola Richter (Museum f?r Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany), David A. Grimaldi and Courtney Richenbacher (American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA), Rodolphe Rougerie (Mus?um National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France), and Weiping Xie (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA, USA) for facilitating access to the collections under their care and stimulating discussions; to Bernard Hermier for many enlightening discussions, and numerous suggestions; and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The study has been supported by grants (to NVG) from the National Institutes of Health GM127390 and the Welch Foundation I-1505.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press.
PY - 2020/3/5
Y1 - 2020/3/5
N2 - We obtained whole genome shotgun sequences and phylogenetically analyzed protein-coding regions of representative skipper butterflies from the genus Carcharodus Hübner, [1819] and its close relatives. Type species of all available genusgroup names were sequenced. We find that species attributed to four exclusively Old World genera (Spialia Swinhoe, 1912, Gomalia Moore, 1879, Carcharodus Hübner, [1819] and Muschampia Tutt, 1906) form a monophyletic group that we call a subtribe Carcharodina Verity, 1940. In the phylogenetic trees built from various genomic regions, these species form 7 (not 4) groups that we treat as genera. We find that Muschampia Tutt, 1906 is not monophyletic, and the 5th group is formed by currently monotypic genus Favria Tutt, 1906 new status (type species Hesperia cribrellum Eversmann, 1841), which is sister to Gomalia. The 6th and 7th groups are composed of mostly African species presently placed in Spialia. These groups do not have names and are described here as Ernsta Grishin, gen. n. (type species Pyrgus colotes Druce, 1875) and Agyllia Grishin, gen. n. (type species Pyrgus agylla Trimen, 1889). Two subgroups are recognized in Ernsta: the nominal subgenus and a new one: Delaga Grishin, subgen. n. (type species Pyrgus delagoae Trimen, 1898). Next, we observe that Carcharodus is not monophyletic, and species formerly placed in subgenera Reverdinus Ragusa, 1919 and Lavatheria Verity, 1940 are here transferred to Muschampia. Furthermore, due to differences in male genitalia or DNA sequences, we reinstate Gomalia albofasciata Moore, 1879 and Gomalia jeanneli (Picard, 1949) as species, not subspecies or synonyms of Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862), and Spialia bifida (Higgins, 1924) as a species, not subspecies of Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888). Sequencing of the type specimens reveals 2.2-3.2% difference in COI barcodes, the evidence that combined with wing pattern differences suggests a new status of a species for Spialia lugens (Staudinger, 1886) and Spialia carnea (Reverdin, 1927), formerly subspecies of Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]).
AB - We obtained whole genome shotgun sequences and phylogenetically analyzed protein-coding regions of representative skipper butterflies from the genus Carcharodus Hübner, [1819] and its close relatives. Type species of all available genusgroup names were sequenced. We find that species attributed to four exclusively Old World genera (Spialia Swinhoe, 1912, Gomalia Moore, 1879, Carcharodus Hübner, [1819] and Muschampia Tutt, 1906) form a monophyletic group that we call a subtribe Carcharodina Verity, 1940. In the phylogenetic trees built from various genomic regions, these species form 7 (not 4) groups that we treat as genera. We find that Muschampia Tutt, 1906 is not monophyletic, and the 5th group is formed by currently monotypic genus Favria Tutt, 1906 new status (type species Hesperia cribrellum Eversmann, 1841), which is sister to Gomalia. The 6th and 7th groups are composed of mostly African species presently placed in Spialia. These groups do not have names and are described here as Ernsta Grishin, gen. n. (type species Pyrgus colotes Druce, 1875) and Agyllia Grishin, gen. n. (type species Pyrgus agylla Trimen, 1889). Two subgroups are recognized in Ernsta: the nominal subgenus and a new one: Delaga Grishin, subgen. n. (type species Pyrgus delagoae Trimen, 1898). Next, we observe that Carcharodus is not monophyletic, and species formerly placed in subgenera Reverdinus Ragusa, 1919 and Lavatheria Verity, 1940 are here transferred to Muschampia. Furthermore, due to differences in male genitalia or DNA sequences, we reinstate Gomalia albofasciata Moore, 1879 and Gomalia jeanneli (Picard, 1949) as species, not subspecies or synonyms of Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862), and Spialia bifida (Higgins, 1924) as a species, not subspecies of Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888). Sequencing of the type specimens reveals 2.2-3.2% difference in COI barcodes, the evidence that combined with wing pattern differences suggests a new status of a species for Spialia lugens (Staudinger, 1886) and Spialia carnea (Reverdin, 1927), formerly subspecies of Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]).
KW - Genomic sequencing
KW - Grizzled skippers
KW - Marbled skippers
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Taxonomy
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85081311880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.10
DO - 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.10
M3 - Article
C2 - 32230093
AN - SCOPUS:85081311880
SN - 1175-5326
VL - 4748
SP - 182
EP - 194
JO - Zootaxa
JF - Zootaxa
IS - 1
ER -