@article{f85383360948457fb35d53282b40a334,
title = "14-3-3s are potential biomarkers for HIV-related neurodegeneration",
abstract = "Over the last decade, it has become evident that 14-3-3 proteins are essential for primary cell functions. These proteins are abundant throughout the body, including the central nervous system and interact with other proteins in both cell cycle and apoptotic pathways. Examination of cerebral spinal fluid in humans suggests that 14-3-3s including 14-3-3ε (YWHAE) are up-regulated in several neurological diseases, and loss or duplication of the YWHAE gene leads to Miller-Dieker syndrome. The goal of this review is to examine the utility of 14-3-3s as a marker of human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-dependent neurodegeneration and also as a tool to track disease progression. To that end, we describe mechanisms implicating 14-3-3s in neurological diseases and summarize evidence of its interactions with HIV accessory and co-receptor proteins.",
keywords = "14-3-3, GPR15, Gp120, HIV accessory proteins, Hepatitis C virus, Nef, Neurocognition, Vpr, Vpu",
author = "Diana Morales and Skoulakis, {Efthimios C M} and Acevedo, {Summer F.}",
note = "Funding Information: The study was funded by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) grant 1U54RR026139-01A1 (awarded to the University of Puerto Rico-Medical Science Campus). This publication (journal article, etc.) was supported by a grant from the Johns Hopkins NIMH Center for Novel Therapeutics of HIV-associated Cognitive Disorders. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Johns Hopkins University or any grantor providing funds to its NIMH Center for Novel Therapeutics of HIV-associated Cognitive Disorders. With special thanks to Dr. Avindra Nath and Dr. Valerie Wojna. The study was partially supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), grants S11NS46278 and U54NS43011 (SNRP). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR, NIMH, or NINDS. We acknowledge the support of Tirtsa Porrata-Doria and the Molecular Biology Core Lab of the Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences (grant RR003050). Special thanks go to Robert Ritchie of the RCMI/Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences Publications Office (G12 RR003050) for editing services. ",
year = "2012",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1007/s13365-012-0121-2",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "18",
pages = "341--353",
journal = "Journal of NeuroVirology",
issn = "1355-0284",
publisher = "Springer New York",
number = "5",
}